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<title>Топонимия</title>
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<wx:section level="1" title="Топонимия" id="wxsec1"><h1 class="pagetitle" id="wx1">Топонимия</h1>

<p id="wx2"><b id="wx3">Топонимията</b> е наука, дял от <a href="/wbg/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ономастика" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ономастика" wx:page_id="158981" id="wx4">ономастиката</a>, занимаваща се с имената на географските обекти, които имат важно значение в живота на хората и чрез които те се орентират в заобикалящия ги свят. Задача на топонимията е да събере, класифицира и разкрие закономерностите, отнасящи се до възникването на конкретните имена на обектите.</p>

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<wx:section level="2" title="Деление според големината на топонимите" id="wxsec2"><h2 id="wx5">Деление според големината на топонимите</h2>

<p id="wx6">Според големината си те се разделят в три основни групи:</p>

<a id="_.D0.9C.D0.B8.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8" name=".D0.9C.D0.B8.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8"/>
<wx:section level="3" title="Микротопоними" id="wxsec4"><h3 id="wx7">Микротопоними</h3>

<p id="wx8">Това са названията на обекти без национално значение като ливади, герени, поляни и др.</p>

<a id="_.D0.9C.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8" name=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Мезотопоними" id="wxsec5"><h3 id="wx9">Мезотопоними</h3>

<p id="wx10">Средноголеми обекти, имащи значение само за хората около селището, където се намират. Неголеми <a href="/wbg/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Река" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Река" wx:page_id="17542" id="wx11">реки</a>, възвишения и др.</p>

<a id="_.D0.9C.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8" name=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Макротопоними" id="wxsec6"><h3 id="wx12">Макротопоними</h3>

<p id="wx13">Това са обекти с национално значение като <a href="/wbg/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Село" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Село" wx:page_id="10546" id="wx14">села</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Град" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Град" wx:page_id="4313" id="wx15">градове</a>, големи реки и <a href="/wbg/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Планина" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Планина" wx:page_id="16211" id="wx16">планини</a>.</p>

<a id="_.D0.94.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4_.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82" name=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4_.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82"/>
</wx:section></wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Деление според географския обект" id="wxsec3"><h2 id="wx17">Деление според географския обект</h2>

<p id="wx18">В зависимост от това какъв географски обект се разглежда топонимите се разделят на няколко дяла:</p>

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<wx:section level="3" title="Хидронимия" id="wxsec7"><h3 id="wx19">Хидронимия</h3>

<p id="wx20">Това са названията на водните обекти - реки, езера, морета. В българския език имената на хидронимите са от различен произход</p>

<ul id="wx21">
<li id="wx22">
<p id="wx23">Тракийски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Тунджа" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Тунджа" wx:page_id="49887" id="wx24">Тунджа</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Тимок" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Тимок" wx:page_id="57623" id="wx25">Тимок</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Струма" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Струма" wx:page_id="15376" id="wx26">Струма</a></p>
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<li id="wx27">
<p id="wx28">Прабългарски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Камчия" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Камчия" wx:page_id="15418" id="wx29">Камчия</a></p>
</li>

<li id="wx30">
<p id="wx31">Келтски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Дунав" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Дунав" wx:page_id="19248" id="wx32">Дунав</a></p>
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<li id="wx33">
<p id="wx34">Реки с неясна етимология - <a href="/wbg/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Въча" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Въча" wx:page_id="85041" id="wx35">Въча</a></p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="_.D0.9E.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F" name=".D0.9E.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Оронимия" id="wxsec8"><h3 id="wx36">Оронимия</h3>

<p id="wx37">Имената на планини, върхове, низини. В българския език имената са от различен произход</p>

<ul id="wx38">
<li id="wx39">
<p id="wx40">Древнотракийски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хемус" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Хемус" wx:page_id="47413" id="wx41">Хемус</a></p>
</li>

<li id="wx42">
<p id="wx43">Старославянски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пирин" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Пирин" wx:page_id="15375" id="wx44">Пирин</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Родопи" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Родопи" wx:page_id="13812" id="wx45">Родопи</a></p>
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</ul>

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</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Ойконимия" id="wxsec9"><h3 id="wx46">Ойконимия</h3>

<p id="wx47">Тук влизат наименованията на населените места (<b id="wx48">ойконими</b> - от <a href="/wbg/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Гръцки_език" wx:page_id="26645" id="wx49">гръцки</a> οίκος + όνυμα, „дом“, „поселище“ + „име“)</p>

<ul id="wx50">
<li id="wx51">
<p id="wx52">Заварени предславянски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Айтос" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Айтос" wx:page_id="4000" id="wx53">Айтос</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Анхиало" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Анхиало" wx:page_id="144311" id="wx54">Анхиало</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ахтопол" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ахтопол" wx:page_id="4001" id="wx55">Ахтопол</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Дръстър" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Дръстър" wx:page_id="93662" id="wx56">Дръстър</a></p>
</li>

<li id="wx57">
<p id="wx58">Славянобългарски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Преслав" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Преслав" wx:page_id="45457" id="wx59">Преслав</a>, <a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Кричим" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Кричим" wx:page_id="4086" id="wx60">Кричим</a></p>
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<li id="wx61">
<p id="wx62">Турски - <a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кърджали" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Кърджали" wx:page_id="4124" id="wx63">Кърджали</a></p>
</li>
</ul>

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</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Хоронимия" id="wxsec10"><h3 id="wx64">Хоронимия</h3>

<p id="wx65">Названия на граници.</p>

<a id="_.D0.A3.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F" name=".D0.A3.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Урбонимия" id="wxsec11"><h3 id="wx66">Урбонимия</h3>

<p id="wx67">Имена на вътрешноградски обекти - паркове, площади</p>

<a id="_.D0.94.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F" name=".D0.94.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Дромонимия" id="wxsec12"><h3 id="wx68">Дромонимия</h3>

<p id="wx69">Названия на пътища</p>
</wx:section></wx:section></wx:section></div>
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На други езици: <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymum" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="cs:Toponymum" id="wx77">Česky</a> | <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stednavne" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="da:Stednavne" id="wx78">Dansk</a> | <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponym" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="de:Toponym" id="wx79">Deutsch</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymy" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="en:Toponymy" id="wx80">English</a> | <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponimia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="es:Toponimia" id="wx81">Español</a> | <a href="http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponimia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="eu:Toponimia" id="wx82">Euskara</a> | <a href="http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fa:جاینام" id="wx83">فارسی</a> | <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymie" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fr:Toponymie" id="wx84">Français</a> | <a href="http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponimia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="gl:Toponimia" id="wx85">Galego</a> | <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponimo" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="it:Toponimo" id="wx86">Italiano</a> | <a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%A6" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ja:地名学" id="wx87">日本語</a> | <a href="http://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponym" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="nds:Toponym" id="wx88">Plattdüütsch</a> | <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymie" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="nl:Toponymie" id="wx89">Nederlands</a> | <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymi" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="no:Toponymi" id="wx90">Norsk (bokmål)</a> | <a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponimia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pl:Toponimia" id="wx91">Polski</a> | <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topon%C3%ADmia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pt:Toponímia" id="wx92">Português</a> | <a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ru:Топонимика" id="wx93">Русский</a> | <a href="http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponomastika" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="sl:Toponomastika" id="wx94">Slovenščina</a> | <a href="http://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaran_tempat_di_Jepang" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="su:Ngaran_tempat_di_Jepang" id="wx95">Basa Sunda</a> | <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponym" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="sv:Toponym" id="wx96">Svenska</a> | <a href="http://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponimeye" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="wa:Toponimeye" id="wx97">Walon</a> | <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%A6" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="zh:地名学" id="wx98">中文</a></div>
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