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<title>Иван Крамской</title>
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<wx:section level="1" title="Иван Крамской" id="wxsec1"><h1 class="pagetitle" id="wx1">Иван Крамской</h1>

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<td colspan="2" style="font-size: larger;" id="wx7"><strong style="font-variant:small-caps;" id="wx8">Иван Крамской</strong><br id="wx9"/>
<p id="wx10">руски художник и критик</p>
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<div class="wx_image" wx:align="none" id="wx13"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_005.jpg" title="Иван Крамской " wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Картинка:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_005.jpg" id="wx14"><img src="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_005.jpg" alt="Иван Крамской " width="160" id="wx15"/></a></div>
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<p id="wx18">Роден:</p>
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<td id="wx19"><a href="/wbg/27_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="27 май" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="27_май" wx:page_id="2442" id="wx20">27 май</a> <a href="/wbg/1837" title="1837" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1837" wx:page_id="2868" id="wx21">1837</a> <br id="wx22"/>
<a href="/wbg/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA" class="new" title="Острогожск" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Острогожск" id="wx23">Острогожск</a>
<p id="wx24">, <a href="/wbg/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Воронеж" wx:page_id="47120" id="wx25">Воронежка</a> губерния, <a href="/wbg/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Руска империя" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Руска_империя" wx:page_id="73012" id="wx26">Руска империя</a></p>
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<p id="wx29">Починал:</p>
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<td id="wx30"><a href="/wbg/24_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="24 март" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="24_март" wx:page_id="2386" id="wx31">24 март</a> <a href="/wbg/1887" title="1887" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1887" wx:page_id="2709" id="wx32">1887</a><br id="wx33"/>
<a href="/wbg/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петербург" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Петербург" wx:page_id="49549" id="wx34">Петербург</a> </td>
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<p id="wx35"><b id="wx36">Ива́н Никола́евич Крамско́й</b> е руски художник и художествен критик. Интелектуален лидер на Руското демократично движение (1860-1880).</p>

<p id="wx37">Произлиза от бедно буржоазно семейство. От 1857 г. до 1863 г. следва в <a href="/wbg/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петербург" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Петербург" wx:page_id="49549" id="wx38">петербургската</a> Академия на изкуствата (<i id="wx39">Академия художеств</i>), в която протестира срещу академичното изкуство и става инициатор на "бунта на четиринадесетте", който завършва с изключване от академията.</p>

<p id="wx40">Под влияние на идеите на руските демократи-революционери поддържа тезата за тежкия обществен дълг на художника. Става един от главните създатели и идеолози на Движението за подвижни художествени изложби, чиито членове са познати като „передвижници“ (<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Передвижники" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx41">передвижники</a>).</p>

<p id="wx42">В периода 1863 - 1868 г. преподава в школа по рисуване на Дружеството за подкрепа на приложното изкуство. Създава галерия с портрети на известни руски учени и писатели. <wx:template id="wx_t2" pagename="Шаблон:Br" page_id="28862"/>
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<wx:section level="2" title="Галерия" id="wxsec2"><h2 id="wx44">Галерия</h2>

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<div class="thumb" style="padding: 13px 0;" id="wx49"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Kramskoj_Christ_desert.jpg" title="Картинка:Kramskoj Christ desert.jpg" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Картинка:Kramskoj_Christ_desert.jpg" id="wx50"><img src="/wbg/skins/common/images/icons/fileicon.png" width="120" height="120" alt="" id="wx51"/></a></div>

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<p id="wx57">Христос в пустинята, 1872</p>

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<div class="thumb" style="padding: 13px 0;" id="wx62"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_004.jpg" title="Картинка:Iwan Nikolajewitsch Kramskoj 004.jpg" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Картинка:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj_004.jpg" id="wx63"><img src="/wbg/skins/common/images/icons/fileicon.png" width="120" height="120" alt="" id="wx64"/></a></div>

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<p id="wx70">Портрет на художника <a href="/wbg/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="new" title="Иван Шишкин" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Иван_Шишкин" id="wx71">Иван Шишкин</a>, 1873</p>

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<div class="thumb" style="padding: 13px 0;" id="wx76"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg" title="Картинка:Kramskoy Portrait of a Woman.jpg" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Картинка:Kramskoy_Portrait_of_a_Woman.jpg" id="wx77"><img src="/wbg/skins/common/images/icons/fileicon.png" width="120" height="120" alt="" id="wx78"/></a></div>

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<p id="wx84">Портрет на неизвестна жена, 1883</p>

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<div class="thumb" style="padding: 13px 0;" id="wx89"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Kramskoy_Alexander_III.jpg" title="Картинка:Kramskoy Alexander III.jpg" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Картинка:Kramskoy_Alexander_III.jpg" id="wx90"><img src="/wbg/skins/common/images/icons/fileicon.png" width="120" height="120" alt="" id="wx91"/></a></div>

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<a href="/wbg/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_III_%28%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%29" title="Александър III (Русия)" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Александър_III_(Русия)" wx:page_id="113596" id="wx95">Александър III</a> <br id="wx96"/>
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<p id="wx98">, 1886</p>

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<div class="wx_image" wx:align="none" id="wx103"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Commons-logo.svg" title="Емблема на Общомедия" wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Картинка:Commons-logo.svg" id="wx104"><img src="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Commons-logo.svg" alt="Емблема на Общомедия" width="50" id="wx105"/></a></div>
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<p id="wx108">разполага с</p>

<div style="margin-left: 10px;" class="interProject" id="wx109"><i id="wx110"><b id="wx111"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoj?uselang=bg" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx112">мултимедийно съдържание за Иван Крамской</a></b></i>
<p id="wx113">.</p>
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<div style="float: left; width: 32px; overflow: hidden;" id="wx114"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" title="" wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Картинка:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" id="wx115"><img src="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" alt="" width="30" height="60" id="wx116"/></a></div>

<div style="margin-left: 37px;" id="wx117"><i id="wx118">Тази статия, свързана с <a href="/wbg/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Изкуство" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Изкуство" wx:page_id="58098" id="wx119">изкуството</a>, е все още <a href="/wbg/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" class="new" title="Уикипедия:Мъниче" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Уикипедия:Мъниче" id="wx120">мъниче</a>. Можете да помогнете на Уикипедия, като я <a href="http://wbg/wbg/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9&amp;action=edit" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx121">редактирате</a> и я разширите.</i></div>
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На други езици: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoi" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="de:Iwan_Nikolajewitsch_Kramskoi" id="wx127">Deutsch</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kramskoi" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="en:Ivan_Kramskoi" id="wx128">English</a> | <a href="http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kramskoi" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="et:Ivan_Kramskoi" id="wx129">Eesti</a> | <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kramsko%C3%AF" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fr:Ivan_Kramskoï" id="wx130">Français</a> | <a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A4" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ja:イワン・クラムスコイ" id="wx131">日本語</a> | <a href="http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ka:ივანე_კრამსკოი" id="wx132">ქართული</a> | <a href="http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%98" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="mk:Иван_Крамској" id="wx133">Македонски</a> | <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kramskoj" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="nl:Ivan_Kramskoj" id="wx134">Nederlands</a> | <a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Kramskoj" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pl:Iwan_Kramskoj" id="wx135">Polski</a> | <a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ru:Крамской,_Иван_Николаевич" id="wx136">Русский</a> | <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kramskoj" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="sv:Ivan_Kramskoj" id="wx137">Svenska</a> | <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9F%AF%E4%BE%9D" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="zh:伊凡·克拉姆斯柯依" id="wx138">中文</a></div>
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<p id="wx139">Иван Крамской</p>
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<a href="/wbg/27_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="27 май" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="27_май" wx:page_id="2442" id="wx142">27 май</a> <a href="/wbg/1837" title="1837" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1837" wx:page_id="2868" id="wx143">1837</a>
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<p id="wx145">, <a href="/wbg/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Воронеж" wx:page_id="47120" id="wx146">Воронежка</a> губерния, <a href="/wbg/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Руска империя" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Руска_империя" wx:page_id="73012" id="wx147">Руска империя</a></p>
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