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<title>Фотохимия</title>
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<wx:section level="1" title="Фотохимия" id="wxsec1"><h1 class="pagetitle" id="wx1">Фотохимия</h1>

<p id="wx2"><b id="wx3">Фотохимията</b> (произходът на думата е от <a href="/wbg/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Гръцки_език" wx:page_id="26645" id="wx4">гръцки</a>) е раздел на <a href="/wbg/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Химия" wx:page_id="3098" id="wx5">химията</a>. Тя изучава <a href="/wbg/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реакция" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Реакция" wx:page_id="155106" id="wx6">реакциите</a>, които протичат под въздействие на електромагнитни лъчения с различна дължина на <a href="/wbg/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вълна" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Вълна" wx:page_id="62506" id="wx7">вълната</a> (включително и видимите <a href="/wbg/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Светлина" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Светлина" wx:page_id="15391" id="wx8">светлинни</a> лъчи).</p>

<p id="wx9">Като самостоятелен раздел фотохимията се обособява през <a href="/wbg/18_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="18 век" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="18_век" wx:page_id="10040" id="wx10">18</a> — <a href="/wbg/19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="19 век" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="19_век" wx:page_id="2830" id="wx11">19 век</a>. Фотохимичните реакции протичат с <a href="/wbg/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="new" title="Абсорбция" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Абсорбция" id="wx12">абсорбция</a> на <a href="/wbg/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87" class="new" title="Електромагнитен лъч" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Електромагнитен_лъч" id="wx13">електромагнитни лъчи</a>, които доставят активираща <a href="/wbg/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Енергия" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Енергия" wx:page_id="49235" id="wx14">енергия</a> на системата или се включват и използват под формата на свободна <a href="/wbg/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Енталпия" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Енталпия" wx:page_id="137339" id="wx15">енталпия</a>. В обратния случай — освобождаване на енергия под формата на електромагнитно излъчване, се нарича <a href="/wbg/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="new" title="Химилуминесценция" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Химилуминесценция" id="wx16">химилуминесценция</a>. Абсорбцията на светлината протича под формата на светлинни <a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Квант" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Квант" wx:page_id="73926" id="wx17">кванти</a> (<a href="/wbg/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Фотон" wx:page_id="72801" id="wx18">фотони</a>).</p>

<p id="wx19">Към фотохимичните процеси спадат:</p>

<ul id="wx20">
<li id="wx21"><a href="/wbg/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" class="new" title="Фотолиза" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Фотолиза" id="wx22">Фотолиза</a>
<p id="wx23">— фотохимично разлагане на химично съединение (разлагане на <a href="/wbg/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="new" title="Сребърен халогинид" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Сребърен_халогинид" id="wx24">сребърния халогинид</a> до елементарно <a href="/wbg/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Сребро" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Сребро" wx:page_id="66282" id="wx25">сребро</a>);</p>
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<li id="wx26"><a href="/wbg/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Фотосинтеза" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Фотосинтеза" wx:page_id="27628" id="wx27">Фотосинтеза</a>
<p id="wx28">— фотохимично изграждане на дадено химично съединение</p>
</li>

<li id="wx29"><a href="/wbg/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="new" title="Фотополимеризация" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Фотополимеризация" id="wx30">Фотополимеризация</a>
<p id="wx31">— фотохимично индуцирано свързване на нискомолекулни органични съединения във високомолекулни (полимеризация на <a href="/wbg/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="new" title="Антрацен" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Антрацен" id="wx32">антрацен</a> в <a href="/wbg/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="new" title="Диантрацен" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Диантрацен" id="wx33">диантрацен</a>)</p>
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<p id="wx34">Фотохимичните процеси имат изключително <a href="/wbg/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Биология" wx:page_id="3013" id="wx35">биологично</a> и голямо практическо значение. Чрез тях могат да се изследват реакции, които са недостъпни за изследване чрез други средства, и да се правят важни изводи като относно механизма на протичане на реакциите, така и относно силите на химическото свързване.</p>

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<wx:section level="2" title="Вижте още" id="wxsec2"><h2 id="wx36">Вижте още</h2>

<ul id="wx37">
<li id="wx38"><a href="/wbg/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физикохимия" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Физикохимия" wx:page_id="145588" id="wx39">Физикохимия</a></li>
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<a href="/wbg/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:Categories&amp;article=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Специални:Categories" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Специални:Categories" id="wx40">Категории</a>: <span dir="ltr" id="wx41"><a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Категория:Химия" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Категория:Химия" wx:page_id="17976" id="wx42">Химия</a></span></div>
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На други езици: <a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ar:كيمياء_ضوئية" id="wx43">العربية</a> | <a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="bn:আলোক-রসায়ন" id="wx44">বাংলা</a> | <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotochemie" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="cs:Fotochemie" id="wx45">Česky</a> | <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochemie" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="de:Photochemie" id="wx46">Deutsch</a> | <a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="el:Φωτοχημεία" id="wx47">Ελληνικά</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochemistry" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="en:Photochemistry" id="wx48">English</a> | <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoqu%C3%ADmica" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="es:Fotoquímica" id="wx49">Español</a> | <a href="http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valokemia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fi:Valokemia" id="wx50">Suomi</a> | <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photochimie" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fr:Photochimie" id="wx51">Français</a> | <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="he:פוטוכימיה" id="wx52">עברית</a> | <a href="http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotok%C3%A9mia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="hu:Fotokémia" id="wx53">Magyar</a> | <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokimia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="id:Fotokimia" id="wx54">Bahasa Indonesia</a> | <a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3sefnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="is:Ljósefnafræði" id="wx55">Íslenska</a> | <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotochimica" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="it:Fotochimica" id="wx56">Italiano</a> | <a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ja:光化学" id="wx57">日本語</a> | <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotochemie" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="nl:Fotochemie" id="wx58">Nederlands</a> | <a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotochemia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pl:Fotochemia" id="wx59">Polski</a> | <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoqu%C3%ADmica" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pt:Fotoquímica" id="wx60">Português</a> | <a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ru:Фотохимия" id="wx61">Русский</a> | <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokemi" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="sv:Fotokemi" id="wx62">Svenska</a> | <a href="http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="th:เคมีแสง" id="wx63">ไทย</a> | <a href="http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokimya" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="tr:Fotokimya" id="wx64">Türkçe</a> | <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="zh:光化学" id="wx65">中文</a></div>
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