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<title>Кофактор (биохимия)</title>
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<wx:section level="1" title="Кофактор (биохимия)" id="wxsec1"><h1 class="pagetitle" id="wx1">Кофактор (биохимия)</h1>

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<p id="wx10"><b id="wx11">Кофакторът</b> е небелтъчна част на <a href="/wbg/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ензим" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ензим" wx:page_id="19471" id="wx12">ензимите</a>, която е необходима при <a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Катализа" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Катализа" wx:page_id="128900" id="wx13">катализа</a>.<sup id="_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="#_note-0" title="" wx:fragment="_note-0" wx:linktype="note" id="wx14"/></sup> На кофакторите може да се гледа като на „помощтни молекули/йони“, които подпомагат биохимичните превръщания. Определени субстанции като <a href="/wbg/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Вода" wx:page_id="25742" id="wx15">водата</a> и много йони могат да бъдат здраво свързани с ензимите, но на тях не се гледа като на кофактори, защото са широко разпространени. Според някои източници терминът „кофактор“ трябва да се употребява само за <a href="/wbg/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="new" title="Неорганично вещество" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Неорганично_вещество" id="wx16">неорганични вещества</a>.<sup id="_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#_note-1" title="" wx:fragment="_note-1" wx:linktype="note" id="wx17"/></sup><sup id="_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#_note-2" title="" wx:fragment="_note-2" wx:linktype="note" id="wx18"/></sup></p>

<p id="wx19">Кофакторите могат да бъдат разделени на две големи групи: <a href="/wbg/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" class="new" title="Коензим" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Коензим" id="wx20">коензими</a> и <a href="/wbg/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" class="new" title="Простетична група" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Простетична_група" id="wx21">простетични групи</a>. Коензимите са малки органични небелтъчни молекули, които пренасят химически групи между ензимите. Те не са свързани здраво с ензимите и се освобождават като нормална част от каталитичния цикъл. Простатичните групи образуват постоянна част от белтъчната структура на ензимите.</p>

<p id="wx22">Металните йони са често срещани кофактори. Изучаването им е част от областта на <a href="/wbg/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="new" title="Бионеорганична химия" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Бионеорганична_химия" id="wx23">бионеорганичната химия</a>.</p>

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<wx:section level="2" title="Апоензими и холоензими" id="wxsec2"><h2 id="wx24">Апоензими и холоензими</h2>

<p id="wx25">Ензим, който няма кофактор се нарича апоензим, а тези които са напълно активни и притежават кофактор се наричат холоензими.</p>

<p id="wx26"><a href="/wbg/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" class="new" title="Апоензим" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Апоензим" id="wx27">Апоензим</a> + кофактор &lt;=&gt; <a href="/wbg/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" class="new" title="Холоензим" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Холоензим" id="wx28">Холоензим</a></p>

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</wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Източници" id="wxsec3"><h2 id="wx29">Източници</h2>

<ol class="references" id="wx30">
<li id="_note-0"><a href="#_ref-0" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-0" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx31">↑</a> <wx:template id="wx_t1" pagename="Шаблон:Cite_web" page_id="88222"/><cite style="font-style:normal;" id="wx32">de Bolster, M.W.G.. <a href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bioinorg/CD.html#34" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx33"><i id="wx34">„Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Cofactors“</i></a>. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Посетен на 2007-10-30</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t1"/></li>

<li id="_note-1"><a href="#_ref-1" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-1" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx35">↑</a> <wx:template id="wx_t2" pagename="Шаблон:Cite_web" page_id="88222"/> <cite style="font-style:normal;" id="wx36"><a href="http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/coenzy_.htm" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx37"><i id="wx38">„coenzymes and cofactors“</i></a>. Посетен на 2007-11-17</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t2"/></li>

<li id="_note-2"><a href="#_ref-2" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-2" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx39">↑</a> <wx:template id="wx_t3" pagename="Шаблон:Cite_web" page_id="88222"/> <cite style="font-style:normal;" id="wx40"><a href="http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/571cofactor.html" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx41"><i id="wx42">„Enzyme Cofactors“</i></a>. Посетен на 2007-11-17</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t3"/></li>
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На други езици: <a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ca:Cofactor" id="wx46">Català</a> | <a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofaktor_%28biochemie%29" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="cs:Kofaktor_(biochemie)" id="wx47">Česky</a> | <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofaktor_%28Biochemie%29" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="de:Kofaktor_(Biochemie)" id="wx48">Deutsch</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_%28biochemistry%29" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="en:Cofactor_(biochemistry)" id="wx49">English</a> | <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="es:Cofactor" id="wx50">Español</a> | <a href="http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fa:کوفاکتور" id="wx51">فارسی</a> | <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofacteur_%28biochimie%29" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fr:Cofacteur_(biochimie)" id="wx52">Français</a> | <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95-%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="he:קו-פקטור" id="wx53">עברית</a> | <a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%9C%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ja:補因子" id="wx54">日本語</a> | <a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofaktorius" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="lt:Kofaktorius" id="wx55">Lietuvių</a> | <a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofaktor" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pl:Kofaktor" id="wx56">Polski</a> | <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="zh:辅因子" id="wx57">中文</a></div>
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<p id="wx59">Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Cofactors</p>
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<p id="wx66">coenzymes and cofactors</p>
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