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<title>Periodo caldo medioevale</title>
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<wx:section level="1" title="Periodo caldo medioevale" id="wxsec1"><h1 class="pagetitle" id="wx1">Periodo caldo medioevale</h1>

<p id="wx2">Il <b id="wx3">periodo caldo medioevale</b> (PCM; in <a href="/wit/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Lingua_inglese" wx:page_id="2523" id="wx4">inglese</a> <i id="wx5">Mediaeval Warm Period</i>, MWP) o <b id="wx6">ottimo climatico medioevale</b> fu un periodo di inusuale clima relativamente caldo, nella regione <a href="/wit/Oceano_Atlantico" title="Oceano Atlantico" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Oceano_Atlantico" wx:page_id="9490" id="wx7">del nord Atlantico</a>, durato circa 500 anni dal <a href="/wit/IX_secolo" title="IX secolo" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="IX_secolo" wx:page_id="10136" id="wx8">IX</a> al <a href="/wit/XIV_secolo" title="XIV secolo" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="XIV_secolo" wx:page_id="10131" id="wx9">XIV secolo</a>.</p>

<p id="wx10">Il PCM è spesso invocato nelle discussioni attuali sul riscaldamento globale che si sta verificando sulla terra nell'ultimo decennio. Alcuni si riferiscono ad eventi come il PCM per sostenere che le previsioni fatte da più parti sono una enfatizzazione di fatti già accaduti in passato e poi regrediti. <sup id="_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="#_note-0" title="" wx:fragment="_note-0" wx:linktype="note" id="wx11"/></sup>.</p>

<div class="wx_image" wx:thumb="thumb" id="wx12"><a href="/wit/Immagine:2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison.png" title="Andamento della temperatura negli ultimi 2000 anni secondo diversi studi." wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Immagine:2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison.png" id="wx13"><img src="/wit/Immagine:2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison.png" alt="Andamento della temperatura negli ultimi 2000 anni secondo diversi studi." width="300" id="wx14"/></a> 

<div class="thumbcaption" id="wx15">
<p id="wx16">Andamento della temperatura negli ultimi 2000 anni secondo diversi studi.</p>
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<a id="Ricerche_iniziali" name="Ricerche_iniziali"/>
<wx:section level="2" title="Ricerche iniziali" id="wxsec2"><h2 id="wx17">Ricerche iniziali</h2>

<p id="wx18">Ricerche sul periodo caldo medioevale e sulla seguente <a href="/wit/Piccola_era_glaciale" title="Piccola era glaciale" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Piccola_era_glaciale" wx:page_id="30977" id="wx19">piccola era glaciale</a> furono fatte in <a href="/wit/Europa" title="Europa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Europa" wx:page_id="650233" id="wx20">Europa</a> dove il fenomeno venne molto ben documentato dagli <a href="/wit/Storia" title="Storia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Storia" wx:page_id="829927" id="wx21">storici</a>.</p>

<p id="wx22">Inizialmente si credette che il cambio climatico fosse stato globale, ma questa tesi è stata contestata. Il rapporto del 2001 dell' <i id="wx23">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</i>, organismo dell'<a href="/wit/ONU" title="ONU" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="ONU" wx:page_id="3180" id="wx24">ONU</a> che studia la variazione delle temperature sulla terra, dichiarò sommarie queste affermazioni, sostenendo che: "...le conoscenze attuali non consentono di sostenere che possano essere esistiti periodi globalmente sincroni di particolare caldo o freddo su tutto il globo terrestre ed i termini <i id="wx25">periodo caldo medioevale</i> e <i id="wx26">piccola era glaciale</i> hanno dei significati limitati e non possono essere ascritti a tutto il globo terrestre nei singoli periodi in cui furono osservati".<sup id="_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#_note-1" title="" wx:fragment="_note-1" wx:linktype="note" id="wx27"/></sup></p>

<p id="wx28">I <a href="/wit/Paleoclimatologia" title="Paleoclimatologia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Paleoclimatologia" wx:page_id="237259" id="wx29">paleoclimatologi</a> che hanno sviluppato degli studi regionali specifici su eventi del passato, hanno chiamato questi fenomeni con il nome di <i id="wx30">periodo caldo medioevale</i> e <i id="wx31">piccola era glaciale</i>.<sup id="_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#_note-2" title="" wx:fragment="_note-2" wx:linktype="note" id="wx32"/></sup><sup id="_ref-Bradley2003d_0" class="reference"><a href="#_note-Bradley2003d" title="" wx:fragment="_note-Bradley2003d" wx:linktype="note" id="wx33"/></sup> Altri seguono le convenzioni e quando un evento climatologico significativo viene trovato nel "LIA" o "PCM", ne associano l'esistenza al periodo in cui si è verificato. Degli eventi capitati nel medioevo di grandi piogge o di grandi freddi e non sempre eventi particolarmente caldi, particolarmente in <a href="/wit/Antartide" title="Antartide" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Antartide" wx:page_id="461" id="wx34">Antartide</a> centrale dove si sarebbero verificati modelli climatologici opposti a quelli dell'area del nord Atlantico.</p>

<p id="wx35">Il periodo caldo medioevale coincide in parte con l'attività solare chiamata <i id="wx36">massimo medioevale</i> e verificatasi tra il <a href="/wit/1100" title="1100" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1100" wx:page_id="12638" id="wx37">1100</a> ed il <a href="/wit/1250" title="1250" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1250" wx:page_id="5421" id="wx38">1250</a>.</p>

<a id="Eventi_climatici" name="Eventi_climatici"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Eventi climatici" id="wxsec3"><h2 id="wx39">Eventi climatici</h2>

<a id="Regioni_del_nord_Atlantico_e_del_nord_America" name="Regioni_del_nord_Atlantico_e_del_nord_America"/>
<wx:section level="3" title="Regioni del nord Atlantico e del nord America" id="wxsec8"><h3 id="wx40">Regioni del nord Atlantico e del nord America</h3>

<p id="wx41">Durante il medioevo le <a href="/wit/Vite" title="Vite" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Vite" wx:page_id="48862" id="wx42">viti</a> producevano uva in tutta Europa fino al nord della Gran Bretagna.<sup id="_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#_note-3" title="" wx:fragment="_note-3" wx:linktype="note" id="wx43"/></sup><sup id="_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#_note-4" title="" wx:fragment="_note-4" wx:linktype="note" id="wx44"/></sup><sup id="_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#_note-5" title="" wx:fragment="_note-5" wx:linktype="note" id="wx45"/></sup> anche se in modo meno estensivo di quanto non lo siano al giorno d'oggi <sup id="_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#_note-6" title="" wx:fragment="_note-6" wx:linktype="note" id="wx46"/></sup> (comunque, altri fattori oltre che il clima influenzarono fortemente il successo commerciale dei vigneti e la loro grande estensione anche oltre il periodo del PCM). I <a href="/wit/Vichinghi" title="Vichinghi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Vichinghi" wx:page_id="754612" id="wx47">Vichinghi</a> si avvantaggiarono della remissione dei ghiacciai per <a href="/wit/Colonia_%28insediamento%29" title="Colonia (insediamento)" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Colonia_(insediamento)" wx:page_id="691395" id="wx48">colonizzare</a> la <a href="/wit/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Groenlandia" wx:page_id="10293" id="wx49">Groenlandia</a> ed altre terre del lontano nord. Il PCM fu seguito dalla piccola era glaciale che durò fino al <a href="/wit/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="XIX_secolo" wx:page_id="10117" id="wx50">XIX secolo</a>. Nella baia di Chesapeake in <a href="/wit/Maryland" title="Maryland" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Maryland" wx:page_id="68749" id="wx51">Maryland</a>, delle recenti ricerche effettuate hanno trovato delle grandi differenze di escursioni termiche durante il periodo del <a href="/wit/Medioevo" title="Medioevo" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Medioevo" wx:page_id="1688759" id="wx52">medioevo</a> e della piccola era glaciale, possibilmente collegate alla variazione della circolazione delle maree nel nord Atlantico. <sup id="_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#_note-7" title="" wx:fragment="_note-7" wx:linktype="note" id="wx53"/></sup> I sedimenti nel <a href="/wit/Piermont_Marsh" class="new" title="Piermont Marsh" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Piermont_Marsh" id="wx54">Piermont Marsh</a> della bassa valle del fiume Hudson mostrano un periodo di secca durante il periodo caldo medioevale. <sup id="_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#_note-8" title="" wx:fragment="_note-8" wx:linktype="note" id="wx55"/></sup></p>

<p id="wx56">Prolungati periodi di siccità afflissero molte aree dell'ovest degli <a href="/wit/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Stati_Uniti_d'America" wx:page_id="1563740" id="wx57">Stati Uniti</a>, specialmente la <a href="/wit/California" title="California" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="California" wx:page_id="1441" id="wx58">California</a> ed il <a href="/wit/Great_Basin" class="new" title="Great Basin" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Great_Basin" id="wx59">Great Basin</a>.<sup id="_ref-Bradley2003d_1" class="reference"><a href="#_note-Bradley2003d" title="" wx:fragment="_note-Bradley2003d" wx:linktype="note" id="wx60"/></sup> L'<a href="/wit/Alaska" title="Alaska" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Alaska" wx:page_id="40965" id="wx61">Alaska</a> ebbe tre periodi di temperature particolarmente elevate: dall'anno <a href="/wit/1" title="1" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1" wx:page_id="12060" id="wx62">1</a> al <a href="/wit/300" title="300" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="300" wx:page_id="13827" id="wx63">300</a> , dall'<a href="/wit/850" title="850" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="850" wx:page_id="4988" id="wx64">850</a> al <a href="/wit/1200" title="1200" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1200" wx:page_id="757753" id="wx65">1200</a> e dopo il <a href="/wit/1800" title="1800" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="1800" wx:page_id="4902" id="wx66">1800</a>.<sup id="_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#_note-9" title="" wx:fragment="_note-9" wx:linktype="note" id="wx67"/></sup></p>

<p id="wx68">Una ricerca fatta nel <a href="/wit/Mar_dei_Sargassi" title="Mar dei Sargassi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Mar_dei_Sargassi" wx:page_id="713690" id="wx69">Mar dei Sargassi</a>, a mezzo di carboni radioattivi, ha dimostrato che la temperatura della superficie del mare era circa di un grado più fredda di quella attuale 400 anni fa e 1700 anni fa, mentre era di un grado superiore a quella odierna circa 1000 anni addietro (PCM).<sup id="_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#_note-10" title="" wx:fragment="_note-10" wx:linktype="note" id="wx70"/></sup></p>

<a id="Altre_regioni" name="Altre_regioni"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="3" title="Altre regioni" id="wxsec9"><h3 id="wx71">Altre regioni</h3>

<p id="wx72">Il clima nell'<a href="/wit/Africa" title="Africa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Africa" wx:page_id="1759132" id="wx73">Africa</a> equatoriale dell'est ha avuto andamenti alternati fra il periodo secco attuale e periodi di relativa umidità. Il periodo secco iniziò nel periodo caldo medioevale. <sup id="_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#_note-11" title="" wx:fragment="_note-11" wx:linktype="note" id="wx74"/></sup></p>

<p id="wx75">Un blocco di ghiaccio prelevato nella penisola di Bransfield in <a href="/wit/Antartide" title="Antartide" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Antartide" wx:page_id="461" id="wx76">Antartide</a> ha consentito di identificare chiaramente il periodo della piccola era glaciale e del precedente periodo caldo medioevale. <sup id="_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#_note-12" title="" wx:fragment="_note-12" wx:linktype="note" id="wx77"/></sup> Il campione ha dimostrato l'esistenza di un periodo caldo intorno all'anno 1000 rilevando chiaramente il fatto che periodi caldi e freddi si riscontravano, regionalmente, sia in ere calde che fredde.</p>

<p id="wx78">Coralli nella zona tropicale dell'Oceano Pacifico suggeriscono che delle condizioni relativamente fredde e secche persistettero nei primi anni del secondo millennio con una configurazione simile all'attuale oscillazione fra <a href="/wit/La_Ni%C3%B1a" title="La Niña" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="La_Niña" wx:page_id="290552" id="wx79">La Niña</a> e <a href="/wit/El_Ni%C3%B1o" title="El Niño" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="El_Niño" wx:page_id="290186" id="wx80">El Niño</a>.<sup id="_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#_note-13" title="" wx:fragment="_note-13" wx:linktype="note" id="wx81"/></sup> Anche se esiste una notevole scarsità di dati sull'<a href="/wit/Australia" title="Australia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Australia" wx:page_id="712124" id="wx82">Australia</a>, sia per il periodo caldo medioevale che per la piccola era glaciale, si può assumere che fossero confrontabili con quelle del lago Eyre fra il <a href="/wit/IX_secolo" title="IX secolo" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="IX_secolo" wx:page_id="10136" id="wx83">IX</a> ed il X secolo conformi alla situazione del La Niña.</p>

<p id="wx84">Adhikari e Kumon in una indagine del 2001 sui sedimenti del lago Nakatsuna nel Giappone centrale, hanno verificato l'esistenza di entrambi i periodi sopra citati.<sup id="_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#_note-14" title="" wx:fragment="_note-14" wx:linktype="note" id="wx85"/></sup></p>

<p id="wx86">Per ulteriori approfondimenti sulle variazioni regionali delle temperature nelle varie regioni del globo in epoche differenti si veda: <a href="/wit/Temperature_record" class="new" title="Temperature record" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Temperature_record" id="wx87">Temperature record</a>.</p>

<a id="Note" name="Note"/>
</wx:section></wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Note" id="wxsec4"><h2 id="wx88">Note</h2>

<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;" id="wx89">
<ol class="references" id="wx90">
<li id="_note-0"><a href="#_ref-0" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-0" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx91"><b id="wx92">^</b></a>
<p id="wx93">Bradley, Raymond S. Climate System Research Center. "Climate of the Last Millenium." 2003. February 23, 2007. <a href="http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/Bradley.pdf" class="external autonumber" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx94"/></p>
</li>

<li id="_note-1"><a href="#_ref-1" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-1" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx95"><b id="wx96">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t1" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF" style="font-style:normal;">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. <a href="http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/070.htm" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx97">Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis 2.3.3 Was there a “Little Ice Age” and a “Medieval Warm Period”?</a>.<small id="wx98"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t1"/></li>

<li id="_note-2"><a href="#_ref-2" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-2" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx99"><b id="wx100">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t2" pagename="Template:Cite_journal" page_id="429966"/><cite style="font-style:normal" id="wx101">Jones, P. D., and M. E. Mann (2004).  <i id="wx102">Climate over past millennia</i>. <i id="wx103">Rev. Geophys.</i> <b id="wx104">42</b> (RG2002): 404-405. <a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx105">DOI</a>:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000143" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx106">10.1029/2003RG000143</a>.</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t2"/></li>

<li id="_note-Bradley2003d"><b id="wx107">^</b> <sup id="wx108"><i id="wx109"><a href="#_ref-Bradley2003d_0" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-Bradley2003d_0" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx110">a</a></i></sup>
<p id="wx111"> <sup id="wx112"><i id="wx113"><a href="#_ref-Bradley2003d_1" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-Bradley2003d_1" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx114">b</a></i></sup> <wx:template id="wx_t3" pagename="Template:Cite_journal" page_id="429966"/><cite style="font-style:normal" id="wx115">Raymond S. Bradley, Malcolm K. Hughes, Henry F. Diaz (2003). <a href="http://www.geo.umass.edu/faculty/bradley/bradley2003d.pdf" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx116"><i id="wx117">Climate in Medieval Time</i></a>. <i id="wx118">Science</i> <b id="wx119">302</b> (5644): 404-405. <a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx120">DOI</a>:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1090372" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx121">10.1126/science.1090372</a>.</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t3"/> (<i id="wx122">collegamenti a file PDF</i>)</p>
</li>

<li id="_note-3"><a href="#_ref-3" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-3" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx123"><b id="wx124">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t4" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_1" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="http://www.english-wine.com/history.html#domesday" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx125">The History of English Wine: Domesday &amp; Middle Ages</a>.<small id="wx126"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t4"/></li>

<li id="_note-4"><a href="#_ref-4" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-4" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx127"><b id="wx128">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t5" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_2" style="font-style:normal;">Gregory Jones. <a href="http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/rsch/Geotimes%20-%20August%202004%20-%20Making%20Wine%20in%20a%20Changing%20Climate.htm" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx129">Making Wine in a Changing Climate</a>. Geotimes,   August 2004.<small id="wx130"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t5"/></li>

<li id="_note-5"><a href="#_ref-5" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-5" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx131"><b id="wx132">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t6" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_3" style="font-style:normal;">Gavin Schmidt. <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/07/medieval-warmth-and-english-wine/" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx133">Medieval warmth and English wine</a>. <a href="/wit/RealClimate" class="new" title="RealClimate" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="RealClimate" id="wx134">RealClimate</a>,   2006.<small id="wx135"> URL consultato il 2006-07-12</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t6"/></li>

<li id="_note-6"><a href="#_ref-6" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-6" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx136"><b id="wx137">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t7" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_4" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="http://www.english-wine.com/vineyards.html" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx138">The Vineyards of England and Wales</a>. English-Wine.com.<small id="wx139"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t7"/></li>

<li id="_note-7"><a href="#_ref-7" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-7" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx140"><b id="wx141">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t8" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_5" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/Atlantic/GPCabs.htm" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx142">Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th Century Temperature Variability from Chesapeake Bay</a>. USGS.<small id="wx143"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t8"/></li>

<li id="_note-8"><a href="#_ref-8" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-8" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx144"><b id="wx145">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t9" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_6" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="http://eobglossary.gsfc.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2005/2005051918986.html" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx146">Marshes Tell Story Of Medieval Drought, Little Ice Age, And European Settlers Near New York City</a>. Earth Observatory News,   May 19, 2005.<small id="wx147"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t9"/></li>

<li id="_note-9"><a href="#_ref-9" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-9" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx148"><b id="wx149">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t10" pagename="Template:Cite_journal" page_id="429966"/><cite style="font-style:normal" id="wx150">Hu FS, Ito E, Brown TA, Curry BB, Engstrom DR (2001).  <i id="wx151">Pronounced climatic variations in Alaska during the last two millennia</i>. <i id="wx152">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</i> <b id="wx153">98</b> (19): 10552-10556. <a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx154">DOI</a>:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.181333798" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx155">10.1073/pnas.181333798</a>.</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t10"/></li>

<li id="_note-10"><a href="#_ref-10" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-10" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx156"><b id="wx157">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t11" pagename="Template:Cite_journal" page_id="429966"/><cite style="font-style:normal" id="wx158">Keigwin, Lloyd D. (29 November 1996). <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/274/5292/1503?rbfvrToken=b3527f8140d1ddfd7f0fdac765ac49b01f52eacb" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx159"><i id="wx160">The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period in the Sargasso Sea</i></a>. <i id="wx161">Science</i> <b id="wx162">274</b> (5292): 1503 - 1508. <a href="/wit/Template:DOI" class="new" title="Template:DOI" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Template:DOI" id="wx163">Template:DOI</a>. URL consultato il 2006-05-04.</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t11"/></li>

<li id="_note-11"><a href="#_ref-11" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-11" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx164"><b id="wx165">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t12" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_7" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2004/2004100717709.html" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx166">Drought In West Linked To Warmer Temperatures</a>. Earth Observatory News,   October 7, 2004.<small id="wx167"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t12"/></li>

<li id="_note-12"><a href="#_ref-12" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-12" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx168"><b id="wx169">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t13" pagename="Template:Cite_journal" page_id="429966"/><cite style="font-style:normal" id="wx170">Khim, B-K, Yoon H.; Kang C.Y.; Bahk J.J. (November 2002). <a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/qr/2002/00000058/00000003/art02371" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx171"><i id="wx172">Unstable Climate Oscillations during the Late Holocene in the Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula</i></a>. <i id="wx173">Quaternary Research</i> <b id="wx174">58</b> (3): 234-245(12). URL consultato il 2006-05-04.</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t13"/></li>

<li id="_note-13"><a href="#_ref-13" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-13" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx175"><b id="wx176">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t14" pagename="Template:Cite_web" page_id="462026"/><cite id="CITEREF_8" style="font-style:normal;">Kim M. Cobb; Chris Charles, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards. <a href="http://www.pac.ne.jp/IUGG2003/EN/program.asp?session_id=MC12&amp;program_id=022025-1" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx177">The Medieval Cool Period And The Little Warm Age In The Central Tropical Pacific? Fossil Coral Climate Records Of The Last Millennium</a>. The Climate of the Holocene (ICCI) 2003,   July 8, 2003.<small id="wx178"> URL consultato il 2006-05-04</small>.</cite> <wx:templateend start="wx_t14"/></li>

<li id="_note-14"><a href="#_ref-14" title="" wx:fragment="_ref-14" wx:linktype="noteref" id="wx179"><b id="wx180">^</b></a> <wx:template id="wx_t15" pagename="Template:Cite_journal" page_id="429966"/><cite style="font-style:normal" id="wx181">Adhikari DP, Kumon, F. (2001).  <i id="wx182">Climatic changes during the past 1300 years as deduced from the sediments of Lake Nakatsuna, central Japan.</i>. <i id="wx183">Limnology</i> <b id="wx184">2</b> (3): 157-168. <a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx185">DOI</a>:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10201-001-8031-7" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx186">10.1007/s10201-001-8031-7</a>.</cite><wx:templateend start="wx_t15"/></li>
</ol>
</div>

<a id="Bibliografia" name="Bibliografia"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Bibliografia" id="wxsec5"><h2 id="wx187">Bibliografia</h2>

<ul id="wx188">
<li id="wx189">
<p id="wx190">Bradley and Jones, 1993</p>
</li>

<li id="wx191">
<p id="wx192">M.K. Hughes and H.F. Diaz, "Was there a 'Medieval Warm Period?", <i id="wx193">Climatic Change</i> 26: 109-142, March 1994</p>
</li>

<li id="wx194">
<p id="wx195">Crowley and Lowery, 2000.</p>
</li>

<li id="wx196">
<p id="wx197">A cura di Forese Wezel, <i id="wx198">Variabilità naturale del clima nell’Olocene ed in tempi storici:un approccio geologico</i> Quaderno della Societa' Geologica Italiana No. 1 , Marzo 2007 <a href="http://www.socgeol.it/modules/geopagine/pictures/quaderni%201%20(2007).pdf" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx199">pdf scaricabile</a></p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="Altri_progetti" name="Altri_progetti"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Altri progetti" id="wxsec6"><h2 id="wx200">Altri progetti</h2>

<wx:template id="wx_t16" pagename="Template:Interprogetto" page_id="501098"/>
<div id="interProject" style="display:none; clear: both; border-top: 2px dotted #AAAAAA; margin-top: 2em;">
<div title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia" id="wx201">
<ul id="wx202">
<li id="wx203"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Period" class="extiw" title="commons:Medieval_Warm_Period" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="commons:Medieval_Warm_Period" id="wx204">Commons</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>

<ul class="noindent" id="wx205">
<li id="wx206"><a href="/wit/Immagine:Commons-logo.svg" title="Collabora a Commons" wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Immagine:Commons-logo.svg" id="wx207"><img src="/wit/Immagine:Commons-logo.svg" alt="Collabora a Commons" width="18" id="wx208"/></a> <b id="wx209"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_principale" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina_principale" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="commons:Pagina_principale" id="wx210">Wikimedia Commons</a></b>
<p id="wx211">contiene file multimediali su <b id="wx212"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Period" class="extiw" title="commons:Medieval_Warm_Period" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="commons:Medieval_Warm_Period" id="wx213">Periodo caldo medioevale</a></b></p>
</li>
</ul>

<wx:templateend start="wx_t16"/>
<a id="Collegamenti_esterni" name="Collegamenti_esterni"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Collegamenti esterni" id="wxsec7"><h2 id="wx214">Collegamenti esterni</h2>

<ul id="wx215">
<li id="wx216"><a href="http://earth.agu.org/revgeophys/mayews01/node5.html" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx217">The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period</a></li>
</ul>
</wx:section></wx:section></div>
<div id="wx_categorylinks">
<a href="/wit/index.php?title=Speciale:Categories&amp;article=Periodo_caldo_medioevale" title="Speciale:Categories" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Speciale:Categories" id="wx218">Categorie</a>: <span dir="ltr" id="wx219"><a href="/wit/Categoria:Climatologia" title="Categoria:Climatologia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Categoria:Climatologia" wx:page_id="284309" id="wx220">Climatologia</a></span> | <span dir="ltr" id="wx221"><a href="/wit/Categoria:Medioevo" title="Categoria:Medioevo" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Categoria:Medioevo" wx:page_id="43596" id="wx222">Medioevo</a></span></div>
<div id="wx_languagelinks">
Altre lingue: <a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelalderlige_varmeperiode" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="da:Middelalderlige_varmeperiode" id="wx223">Dansk</a> | <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittelalterliche_Warmzeit" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="de:Mittelalterliche_Warmzeit" id="wx224">Deutsch</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Period" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="en:Medieval_Warm_Period" id="wx225">English</a> | <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptimo_clim%C3%A1tico_medieval" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="es:Óptimo_climático_medieval" id="wx226">Español</a> | <a href="http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdi_Aroko_Beroaldia" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="eu:Erdi_Aroko_Beroaldia" id="wx227">Euskara</a> | <a href="http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskiajan_l%C3%A4mmin_kausi" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fi:Keskiajan_lämmin_kausi" id="wx228">Suomi</a> | <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum_climatique_m%C3%A9di%C3%A9val" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fr:Optimum_climatique_médiéval" id="wx229">Français</a> | <a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E3%81%AE%E6%B8%A9%E6%9A%96%E6%9C%9F" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ja:中世の温暖期" id="wx230">日本語</a> | <a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_varme_perioden_i_middelalderen" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="no:Den_varme_perioden_i_middelalderen" id="wx231">Norsk (bokmål)</a> | <a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aredniowieczne_optimum_klimatyczne" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pl:Średniowieczne_optimum_klimatyczne" id="wx232">Polski</a> | <a href="http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Period" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="simple:Medieval_Warm_Period" id="wx233">Simple English</a> | <a href="http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="sr:Средњовековни_топли_период" id="wx234">Српски / Srpski</a> | <a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medeltida_v%C3%A4rmeperioden" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="sv:Medeltida_värmeperioden" id="wx235">Svenska</a> | <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%BA%AB%E6%9A%96%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="zh:中世紀溫暖時期" id="wx236">中文</a></div>
</body>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t1"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/070.htm" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx237">http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/070.htm</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx238">Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis 2.3.3 Was there a “Little Ice Age” and a “Medieval Warm Period”?</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx239">2006-05-04</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="author">
<p id="wx240">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t2"><wx:argument name="author">
<p id="wx241">Jones, P. D., and M. E. Mann</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx242">Climate over past millennia</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="journal">
<p id="wx243">Rev. Geophys.</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="volume">
<p id="wx244">42</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="issue">
<p id="wx245">RG2002</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx246">2004</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="pages">
<p id="wx247">404-405</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="id">
<a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx248">DOI</a>
<p id="wx249">:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000143" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx250">10.1029/2003RG000143</a></p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t3"><wx:argument name="author">
<p id="wx251">Raymond S. Bradley, Malcolm K. Hughes, Henry F. Diaz</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx252">Climate in Medieval Time</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="journal">
<p id="wx253">Science</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="volume">
<p id="wx254">302</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="issue">
<p id="wx255">5644</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx256">2003</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="pages">
<p id="wx257">404-405</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="id">
<a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx258">DOI</a>
<p id="wx259">:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1090372" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx260">10.1126/science.1090372</a></p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.geo.umass.edu/faculty/bradley/bradley2003d.pdf" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx261">http://www.geo.umass.edu/faculty/bradley/bradley2003d.pdf</a>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t4"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.english-wine.com/history.html#domesday" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx262">http://www.english-wine.com/history.html#domesday</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx263">The History of English Wine: Domesday &amp; Middle Ages</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx264">2006-05-04</p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t5"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/rsch/Geotimes%20-%20August%202004%20-%20Making%20Wine%20in%20a%20Changing%20Climate.htm" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx265">http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/rsch/Geotimes%20-%20August%202004%20-%20Making%20Wine%20in%20a%20Changing%20Climate.htm</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx266">Making Wine in a Changing Climate</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="first">
<p id="wx267">Gregory</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="last">
<p id="wx268">Jones</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx269">August 2004</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="publisher">
<p id="wx270">Geotimes</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx271">2006-05-04</p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t6"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/07/medieval-warmth-and-english-wine/" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx272">http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/07/medieval-warmth-and-english-wine/</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx273">Medieval warmth and English wine</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="first">
<p id="wx274">Gavin</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="last">
<p id="wx275">Schmidt</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx276">2006</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="publisher">
<a href="/wit/RealClimate" class="new" title="RealClimate" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="RealClimate" id="wx277">RealClimate</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx278">2006-07-12</p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t7"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.english-wine.com/vineyards.html" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx279">http://www.english-wine.com/vineyards.html</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx280">The Vineyards of England and Wales</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="publisher">
<p id="wx281">English-Wine.com</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx282">2006-05-04</p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t8"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/Atlantic/GPCabs.htm" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx283">http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/Atlantic/GPCabs.htm</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx284">Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th Century Temperature Variability from Chesapeake Bay</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="publisher">
<p id="wx285">USGS</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx286">2006-05-04</p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t9"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://eobglossary.gsfc.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2005/2005051918986.html" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx287">http://eobglossary.gsfc.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2005/2005051918986.html</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx288">May 19, 2005</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="publisher">
<p id="wx289">Earth Observatory News</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx290">Marshes Tell Story Of Medieval Drought, Little Ice Age, And European Settlers Near New York City</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx291">2006-05-04</p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t10"><wx:argument name="author">
<p id="wx292">Hu FS, Ito E, Brown TA, Curry BB, Engstrom DR</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx293">Pronounced climatic variations in Alaska during the last two millennia</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="journal">
<p id="wx294">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="volume">
<p id="wx295">98</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="issue">
<p id="wx296">19</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx297">2001</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="pages">
<p id="wx298">10552-10556</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="id">
<a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx299">DOI</a>
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<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t11"><wx:argument name="url">
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</wx:argument><wx:argument name="journal">
<p id="wx303">Science</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="month">
<p id="wx304">29 November</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx305">1996</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="volume">
<p id="wx306">274</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="issue">
<p id="wx307">5292</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="pages">
<p id="wx308">1503 - 1508</p>
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<a href="/wit/Template:DOI" class="new" title="Template:DOI" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Template:DOI" id="wx309">Template:DOI</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx310">The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period in the Sargasso Sea</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="first">
<p id="wx311">Lloyd D.</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="last">
<p id="wx312">Keigwin</p>
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<p id="wx313">2006-05-04</p>
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<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t12"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2004/2004100717709.html" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx314">http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2004/2004100717709.html</a>
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<p id="wx315">October 7, 2004</p>
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<p id="wx316">Drought In West Linked To Warmer Temperatures</p>
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<p id="wx317">Earth Observatory News</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx318">2006-05-04</p>
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<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t13"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/qr/2002/00000058/00000003/art02371" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx319">http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/qr/2002/00000058/00000003/art02371</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx320">Unstable Climate Oscillations during the Late Holocene in the Eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="last">
<p id="wx321">Khim</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="first">
<p id="wx322">B-K</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="coauthors">
<p id="wx323">Yoon H.; Kang C.Y.; Bahk J.J.</p>
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<p id="wx324">Quaternary Research</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="volume">
<p id="wx325">58</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="issue">
<p id="wx326">3</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="month">
<p id="wx327">November</p>
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<p id="wx328">2002</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="pages">
<p id="wx329">234-245(12)</p>
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<p id="wx330">2006-05-04</p>
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<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t14"><wx:argument name="url">
<a href="http://www.pac.ne.jp/IUGG2003/EN/program.asp?session_id=MC12&amp;program_id=022025-1" class="external free" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx331">http://www.pac.ne.jp/IUGG2003/EN/program.asp?session_id=MC12&amp;program_id=022025-1</a>
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<p id="wx332">The Climate of the Holocene (ICCI) 2003</p>
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<p id="wx333">July 8, 2003</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="title">
<p id="wx334">The Medieval Cool Period And The Little Warm Age In The Central Tropical Pacific? Fossil Coral Climate Records Of The Last Millennium</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="first">
<p id="wx335">Kim M.</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="last">
<p id="wx336">Cobb</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="coauthors">
<p id="wx337">Chris Charles, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="accessdate">
<p id="wx338">2006-05-04</p>
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<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t15"><wx:argument name="author">
<p id="wx339">Adhikari DP, Kumon, F.</p>
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<p id="wx340">Climatic changes during the past 1300 years as deduced from the sediments of Lake Nakatsuna, central Japan.</p>
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<p id="wx341">Limnology</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="volume">
<p id="wx342">2</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="issue">
<p id="wx343">3</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="year">
<p id="wx344">2001</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="pages">
<p id="wx345">157-168</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="id">
<a href="/wit/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Digital_object_identifier" wx:page_id="354903" id="wx346">DOI</a>
<p id="wx347">:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10201-001-8031-7" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx348">10.1007/s10201-001-8031-7</a></p>
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<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t16"><wx:argument name="commons">
<p id="wx349">Medieval Warm Period</p>
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