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<wx:section level="1" title="L-lattato deidrogenasi" id="wxsec1"><h1 class="pagetitle" id="wx1">L-lattato deidrogenasi</h1>

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<p id="wx10">acido lattico deidrogenasi; L-(+)-lattato deidrogenasi; lattato deidrogenasi; lattato deidrogenasi (NAD-dipendente); lattico deidrogenasi; L-(+)-nLDH</p>

<div style="background:#E2F3EF; border-top:2px solid #C2C3FF" id="wx11"><b id="wx12">Banche dati</b></div>

<p id="wx13"><a href="http://brenda.bc.uni-koeln.de/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.1.1.27" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx14">BRENDA</a> <a href="http://www.expasy.ch/cgi-bin/nicezyme.pl?1.1.1.27" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx15">EXPASY</a> <a href="http://xpdb.nist.gov/enzyme_thermodynamics/enzyme_compose_query.pl?EC=1.1.1.27" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx16">GTD</a> <a href="http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:1.1.1.27" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx17">KEGG</a> <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=1.1.1.27" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx18">PDB</a></p>

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<p id="wx30">L-lattato deidrogenasi</p>
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<p id="wx32"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:20px; height:20px; z-index:2" id="wx33"><a href="/wit/Immagine:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" title="" wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Immagine:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" id="wx34"><img src="/wit/Immagine:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" alt="" width="20" id="wx35"/></a><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3; text-decoration:none" id="wx36"><a href="/wit/Progetto:Bio" class="new" title="Progetto:Bio" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Progetto:Bio" id="wx37"><span style="float:left; width:20px; height:20px; font-size:20px; line-height:20px; word-spacing:20px; cursor:pointer" id="wx38">   </span></a></span></span></p>
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<p id="wx44">[[Image:|px|L-lattato deidrogenasi struttura chimica]]</p>
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<td colspan="2" id="wx46"><small id="wx47">'</small> </td>
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<tr id="wx48">
<td colspan="2" style="background:#E2F3EF; border-top:2px solid #C2C3FF" id="wx49"><b id="wx50"><a href="/wit/Gene" title="Gene" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Gene" wx:page_id="1723644" id="wx51">Gene</a></b> </td>
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<tr class="hiddenStructureLDHA" id="wx52">
<td id="wx53"><i id="wx54"><a href="/wit/HUGO" title="HUGO" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="HUGO" wx:page_id="679797" id="wx55">HUGO</a></i> </td>
<td id="wx56"><a href="http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/data/get_data.php?gd_app_sym=LDHA" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx57">LDHA</a>
<p id="wx58">LDH1</p>
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<td id="wx60"><i id="wx61"><a href="/wit/Entrez" title="Entrez" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Entrez" wx:page_id="681159" id="wx62">Entrez</a></i> </td>
<td id="wx63"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&amp;cmd=retrieve&amp;dopt=default&amp;list_uids=3939&amp;rn=1" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx64">3939</a> </td>
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<td id="wx66"><a href="/wit/Locus" title="Locus" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Locus" wx:page_id="679899" id="wx67">Locus</a> </td>
<td id="wx68"><a href="/wit/Cromosoma_11_%28umano%29" title="Cromosoma 11 (umano)" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cromosoma_11_(umano)" wx:page_id="846156" id="wx69">Chr. 11</a> <i id="wx70"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/getmap.cgi?chromosome=11p15.1" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx71">p15.1</a></i> </td>
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<td id="wx80"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=150000&amp;rn=1" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx81">150000</a> </td>
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<td id="wx86"><a href="http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/niceprot.pl?P00338" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx87">P00338</a> </td>
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<td id="wx102"><a href="http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:1.1.1.27" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx103">1.1.1.27</a> </td>
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<p id="wx117">La <b id="wx118">L-lattato deidrogenasi</b> (o <b id="wx119">LDH</b>) è un <a href="/wit/Enzima" title="Enzima" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Enzima" wx:page_id="21081" id="wx120">enzima</a>, appartenente alla classe delle <a href="/wit/Ossidoreduttasi" title="Ossidoreduttasi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ossidoreduttasi" wx:page_id="416919" id="wx121">ossidoreduttasi</a>, che catalizza la seguente reazione:</p>

<p id="wx122">(S)-<a href="/wit/Lattato" title="Lattato" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Lattato" wx:page_id="1043703" id="wx123">lattato</a> + <a href="/wit/NAD" title="NAD" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="NAD" wx:page_id="530066" id="wx124">NAD</a><sup id="wx125">+</sup> <wx:template id="wx_t3" pagename="Template:Unicode" page_id="87605"/><span class="Unicode" style="font-family: Code2000, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Arial Unicode MS, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family  :inherit;" id="wx126">⇄</span><wx:templateend start="wx_t3"/> <a href="/wit/Piruvato" title="Piruvato" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Piruvato" wx:page_id="151660" id="wx127">piruvato</a> + <a href="/wit/NADH" title="NADH" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="NADH" wx:page_id="520811" id="wx128">NADH</a> + <a href="/wit/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Idrogeno" wx:page_id="2339" id="wx129">H</a><sup id="wx130">+</sup></p>

<p id="wx131">LDH è un <a href="/wit/Tetramero" title="Tetramero" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Tetramero" wx:page_id="834993" id="wx132">tetramero</a> formato da due tipologie di <a href="/wit/Monomeri" title="Monomeri" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Monomeri" wx:page_id="320824" id="wx133">monomeri</a>: il <i id="wx134">tipo H</i>, maggiormente presente nel <a href="/wit/Cuore" title="Cuore" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cuore" wx:page_id="766039" id="wx135">cuore</a>, e il <i id="wx136">tipo M</i>, caratteristico del <a href="/wit/Fegato" title="Fegato" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Fegato" wx:page_id="689479" id="wx137">fegato</a>. Dalla diversa composizione monomerica, si hanno cinque forme <a href="/wit/Isoenzima" title="Isoenzima" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Isoenzima" wx:page_id="544630" id="wx138">isoenzimatiche</a>: LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4, LDH5 che differiscono tra loro per <a href="/wit/Molecola" title="Molecola" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Molecola" wx:page_id="2761" id="wx139">composizione strutturale</a>, proprietà <a href="/wit/Biochimica" title="Biochimica" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Biochimica" wx:page_id="725" id="wx140">biochimiche</a> e diffusione <a href="/wit/Cellula" title="Cellula" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cellula" wx:page_id="691713" id="wx141">tissutale</a>.</p>

<a id="Distribuzione_degli_isoenzimi" name="Distribuzione_degli_isoenzimi"/>
<wx:section level="2" title="Distribuzione degli isoenzimi" id="wxsec2"><h2 id="wx142">Distribuzione degli isoenzimi</h2>

<ul id="wx143">
<li id="wx144"><b id="wx145">LDH1</b>
<p id="wx146">è prevalente nel <a href="/wit/Miocardio" title="Miocardio" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Miocardio" wx:page_id="125781" id="wx147">miocardio</a> e nei <a href="/wit/Globuli_rossi" title="Globuli rossi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Globuli_rossi" wx:page_id="135462" id="wx148">globuli rossi</a>. Presente anche nella <a href="/wit/Rene" title="Rene" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Rene" wx:page_id="689901" id="wx149">corteccia renale</a> e nel <a href="/wit/Muscolo" title="Muscolo" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Muscolo" wx:page_id="110507" id="wx150">muscolo</a> scheletrico.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<ul id="wx151">
<li id="wx152"><b id="wx153">LDH2</b>
<p id="wx154">è prevalente nel miocardio e nelle emazie, oltre ad essere presente in <a href="/wit/Pancreas" title="Pancreas" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Pancreas" wx:page_id="690236" id="wx155">pancreas</a>, corteccia renale, <a href="/wit/Polmone" title="Polmone" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Polmone" wx:page_id="880135" id="wx156">polmone</a> e muscolo scheletrico.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<ul id="wx157">
<li id="wx158"><b id="wx159">LDH3</b>
<p id="wx160">è presente in polmoni, <a href="/wit/Placenta" title="Placenta" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Placenta" wx:page_id="862927" id="wx161">placenta</a>, muscolo scheletrico e pancreas.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<ul id="wx162">
<li id="wx163"><b id="wx164">LDH4</b>
<p id="wx165">si trova nella midolla renale, muscolo scheletrico, polmone e placenta.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<ul id="wx166">
<li id="wx167"><b id="wx168">LDH5</b>
<p id="wx169">è caratteristico del <a href="/wit/Fegato" title="Fegato" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Fegato" wx:page_id="689479" id="wx170">fegato</a>. Presente anche nella midolla renale, muscolo scheletrico e pancreas.</p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="Patologia_clinica" name="Patologia_clinica"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Patologia clinica" id="wxsec3"><h2 id="wx171">Patologia clinica</h2>

<p id="wx172">Valori normali nel <a href="/wit/Siero" title="Siero" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Siero" wx:page_id="152675" id="wx173">siero</a> sono considerati compresi tra 100-240 UI/<a href="/wit/L" title="L" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="L" wx:page_id="50854" id="wx174">L</a> e 800-3600 UI/L nelle <a href="/wit/Urine" title="Urine" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Urine" wx:page_id="772685" id="wx175">urine</a> (<i id="wx176">nota</i>: autori diversi indicano intervalli differenti). In termini di rapporto fra isoenzimi, valori normali sono considerati: LDH1 18-30%, LDH2 28-30%, LDH3 15-30%, LDH4 6-16%, LDH5 2-13%. Valori anomali di LDH1 e LDH2 si riscontrano nell'<a href="/wit/Infarto_miocardico_acuto" title="Infarto miocardico acuto" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Infarto_miocardico_acuto" wx:page_id="692297" id="wx177">infarto miocardico</a> e nell'<a href="/wit/Anemia" title="Anemia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Anemia" wx:page_id="1742076" id="wx178">anemia</a> <a href="/wit/Emolisi" title="Emolisi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Emolisi" wx:page_id="119481" id="wx179">emolitica</a>. In particolare il livello di LDH1, a seguito di infarto del miocardio, raggiunge il picco dopo 48 h e rimane alterato per 1-3 settimane. LDH3 aumentato è in relazione con l'<a href="/wit/Infarto_polmonare" class="new" title="Infarto polmonare" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Infarto_polmonare" id="wx180">infarto polmonare</a> mentre un maggiore quantitativo di LDH5 è caratteristico dell'<a href="/wit/Epatite_virale" title="Epatite virale" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Epatite_virale" wx:page_id="784273" id="wx181">epatite virale</a> acuta.</p>

<p id="wx182">Riassumendo, un livello di LDH totale maggiore della norma si riscontra in patologie come: infarto miocardico, infarto polmonare, epatite virale acuta, <a href="/wit/Epatite_tossica" class="new" title="Epatite tossica" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Epatite_tossica" id="wx183">epatite tossica</a>, stato di <a href="/wit/Shock" title="Shock" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Shock" wx:page_id="1424861" id="wx184">shock</a>, anemia severa, <a href="/wit/Distrofia_muscolare" title="Distrofia muscolare" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Distrofia_muscolare" wx:page_id="107296" id="wx185">distrofia muscolare</a>, esercizio muscolare intenso, diabete, <a href="/wit/Insufficienza_renale" title="Insufficienza renale" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Insufficienza_renale" wx:page_id="794515" id="wx186">insufficienza renale</a>, <a href="/wit/Cirrosi_epatica" title="Cirrosi epatica" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cirrosi_epatica" wx:page_id="694582" id="wx187">cirrosi epatica</a>, <a href="/wit/Sindrome_di_Reye" title="Sindrome di Reye" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Sindrome_di_Reye" wx:page_id="1009948" id="wx188">sindrome di Reye</a>, <a href="/wit/Leucemia" title="Leucemia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Leucemia" wx:page_id="279241" id="wx189">leucemia</a> e <a href="/wit/Tumore" title="Tumore" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Tumore" wx:page_id="4216" id="wx190">neoplasie</a>. Valori diminuiti si riscontrano in soggetti esposti a <a href="/wit/Radiazioni_ionizzanti" title="Radiazioni ionizzanti" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Radiazioni_ionizzanti" wx:page_id="270323" id="wx191">radiazioni ionizzanti</a>.</p>

<a id="Bibliografia" name="Bibliografia"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="2" title="Bibliografia" id="wxsec4"><h2 id="wx192">Bibliografia</h2>

<ul id="wx193">
<li id="wx194">
<p id="wx195">Dennis, D. and Kaplan, N.O. <i id="wx196">D and L-lactic acid dehydrogenase in Lactobacillus plantarum.</i> J. Biol. Chem. 235 (1960) 810–818. <wx:template id="wx_t4" pagename="Template:Entrez_Pubmed" page_id="827826"/><a href="/wit/Entrez" title="Entrez" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Entrez" wx:page_id="681159" id="wx197">Entrez PubMed</a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=13815938" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx198">13815938</a><wx:templateend start="wx_t4"/></p>
</li>

<li id="wx199">
<p id="wx200">Everse, J. and Kaplan, N.O. <i id="wx201">Lactate dehydrogenases: structure and function.</i> Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem. 37 (1973) 61–133. <wx:template id="wx_t5" pagename="Template:Entrez_Pubmed" page_id="827826"/><a href="/wit/Entrez" title="Entrez" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Entrez" wx:page_id="681159" id="wx202">Entrez PubMed</a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=4146647" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx203">4146647</a><wx:templateend start="wx_t5"/></p>
</li>

<li id="wx204">
<p id="wx205">Holbrook, J.J., Liljas, A., Steindel, S.J. and Rossmann, M.G. <i id="wx206">Lactate dehydrogenase.</i> In: Boyer, P.D. (Ed.), The Enzymes, 3rd edn, vol. 11, Academic Press, New York, 1975, pp. 191–292.</p>
</li>

<li id="wx207">
<p id="wx208">Schär, H.-P. and Zuber, H. <i id="wx209">Structure and function of L-lactate dehydrogenases from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria. I) Isolation and characterization of lactate dehydrogenases from thermophilic and mesophilic bacilli.</i> Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 360 (1979) 795–807. <wx:template id="wx_t6" pagename="Template:Entrez_Pubmed" page_id="827826"/><a href="/wit/Entrez" title="Entrez" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Entrez" wx:page_id="681159" id="wx210">Entrez PubMed</a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=114469" class="external text" wx:linktype="external" rel="nofollow" id="wx211">114469</a><wx:templateend start="wx_t6"/>
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Altre lingue: <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactatdehydrogenase" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="de:Lactatdehydrogenase" id="wx215">Deutsch</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="en:Lactate_dehydrogenase" id="wx216">English</a> | <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactato_deshidrogenasa" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="es:Lactato_deshidrogenasa" id="wx217">Español</a> | <a href="http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laktaattidehydrogenaasi" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fi:Laktaattidehydrogenaasi" id="wx218">Suomi</a> | <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_d%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="fr:Lactate_déshydrogénase" id="wx219">Français</a> | <a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%98_%D7%93%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%96" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="he:לקטט_דהידרוגנאז" id="wx220">עברית</a> | <a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ja:乳酸脱水素酵素" id="wx221">日本語</a> | <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkzuurdehydrogenase" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="nl:Melkzuurdehydrogenase" id="wx222">Nederlands</a> | <a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrogenaza_mleczanowa" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="pl:Dehydrogenaza_mleczanowa" id="wx223">Polski</a> | <a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="ru:Лактатдегидрогеназа" id="wx224">Русский</a> | <a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6" class="external" wx:linktype="interwiki" wx:pagename="zh:乳酸脱氢酶" id="wx225">中文</a></div>
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