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<title>Bilateria</title>
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<meta name="wx_pagename" content="Bilateria"/>
<meta name="wx_page_id" content="303389"/>
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<body>
<div id="wx_article">
<wx:section level="1" title="Bilateria" id="wxsec1"><h1 class="pagetitle" id="wx1">Bilateria</h1>

<wx:template id="wx_t1" pagename="Template:Tassobox" page_id="253738"/>
<div class="rad" style="float:right; padding:5px; border:solid 1px #cccccc; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; background:#ffffff;" id="wx2">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center;" border="0" cellpadding="0" id="wx3">
<tr style="background: pink; padding-left:20px" id="wx4">
<td id="wx5">
<p id="wx6">Come leggere il tassobox</p>

<p id="wx7">rect 0 0 50 50 <a href="/wit/Progetto:Forme_di_vita/Come_leggere_il_tassobox" class="new" title="Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Progetto:Forme_di_vita/Come_leggere_il_tassobox" id="wx8">Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox</a> desc none&lt;/imagemap&gt;<b id="wx9">Ramo</b></p>
</td>
</tr>

<tr id="wx10">
<td id="wx11"><a href="/wit/Immagine:Woda-3_ubt.jpeg" title="" wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Immagine:Woda-3_ubt.jpeg" id="wx12"><img src="/wit/Immagine:Woda-3_ubt.jpeg" alt="" width="200" id="wx13"/></a> </td>
</tr>

<tr style="background: pink;" id="wx14">
<td id="wx15"><b id="wx16"><a href="/wit/Classificazione_scientifica" title="Classificazione scientifica" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Classificazione_scientifica" wx:page_id="89024" id="wx17">Classificazione scientifica</a></b> </td>
</tr>

<tr id="wx18">
<td id="wx19">
<table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:white;" cellpadding="2" id="wx20">
<tr id="wx21">
<td valign="top" id="wx22"><a href="/wit/Dominio_%28biologia%29" title="Dominio (biologia)" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Dominio_(biologia)" wx:page_id="271241" id="wx23">Dominio</a>
<p id="wx24">:</p>
</td>
<td valign="top" id="wx25"><a href="/wit/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Eukaryota" wx:page_id="1729" id="wx26">Eukaryota</a> </td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top" id="wx27">
<td id="wx28"><a href="/wit/Regno_%28biologia%29" title="Regno (biologia)" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Regno_(biologia)" wx:page_id="3717" id="wx29">Regno</a>
<p id="wx30">:</p>
</td>
<td id="wx31"><a href="/wit/Animalia" title="Animalia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Animalia" wx:page_id="298" id="wx32">Animalia</a> </td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top" id="wx33">
<td id="wx34"><a href="/wit/Sottoregno" title="Sottoregno" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Sottoregno" wx:page_id="313910" id="wx35">Sottoregno</a>
<p id="wx36">:</p>
</td>
<td id="wx37"><a href="/wit/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Eumetazoa" wx:page_id="303138" id="wx38">Eumetazoa</a> </td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top" id="wx39">
<td id="wx40"><a href="/wit/Simmetria_animale" title="Simmetria animale" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Simmetria_animale" wx:page_id="4010" id="wx41">Ramo</a>
<p id="wx42">:</p>
</td>
<td id="wx43"><b id="wx44">Bilateria</b> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>

<tr style="background:pink" id="wx45">
<td id="wx46"><b id="wx47"><a href="/wit/Superphylum" title="Superphylum" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Superphylum" wx:page_id="499795" id="wx48">superphylum</a></b> </td>
</tr>

<tr id="wx49">
<td align="left" id="wx50">
<ul id="wx51">
<li id="wx52"><b id="wx53"><a href="/wit/Protostomi" title="Protostomi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Protostomi" wx:page_id="3450" id="wx54">Protostomi</a></b>
<p id="wx55">:</p>

<ul id="wx56">
<li id="wx57"><a href="/wit/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ecdysozoa" wx:page_id="1740581" id="wx58">Ecdysozoa</a></li>

<li id="wx59"><a href="/wit/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Lophotrochozoa" wx:page_id="1740552" id="wx60">Lophotrochozoa</a></li>

<li id="wx61"><a href="/wit/Platyzoa" title="Platyzoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Platyzoa" wx:page_id="1740526" id="wx62">Platyzoa</a></li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx63"><b id="wx64"><a href="/wit/Deuterostomi" title="Deuterostomi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Deuterostomi" wx:page_id="1599" id="wx65">Deuterostomi</a></b>
<p id="wx66">:</p>

<ul id="wx67">
<li id="wx68"><a href="/wit/Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chaetognatha" wx:page_id="1485166" id="wx69">Chaetognatha</a></li>

<li id="wx70"><a href="/wit/Chordata" title="Chordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chordata" wx:page_id="708717" id="wx71">Chordata</a></li>

<li id="wx72"><a href="/wit/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Echinodermata" wx:page_id="1739" id="wx73">Echinodermata</a></li>

<li id="wx74"><a href="/wit/Hemichordata" title="Hemichordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Hemichordata" wx:page_id="864317" id="wx75">Hemichordata</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>

<tr class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; padding: .8em 0em .8em 0em" id="wx76">
<td style="background:pink" id="wx77"><small id="wx78">Partecipa al <b id="wx79"><a href="/wit/Progetto:Forme_di_vita" class="new" title="Progetto:Forme di vita" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Progetto:Forme_di_vita" id="wx80">Progetto:Forme di vita</a></b></small> </td>
</tr>

<tr id="wx81">
<td style="border: 0" id="wx82"/>
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</table>
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<wx:templateend start="wx_t1"/>
<p id="wx83"><b id="wx84">Bilateria</b> e' una <a href="/wit/Simmetria_animale" title="Simmetria animale" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Simmetria_animale" wx:page_id="4010" id="wx85">Simmetria animale</a> utile per la classificazione <a href="/wit/Tassonomia" title="Tassonomia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Tassonomia" wx:page_id="104515" id="wx86">tassonomica</a>. Un piano di simmetria è un piano che divide un oggetto in due parti specularmente identiche (l'una il riflesso dell'altra). A seconda dei piani di <a href="/wit/Simmetria_%28matematica%29" title="Simmetria (matematica)" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Simmetria_(matematica)" wx:page_id="592501" id="wx87">simmetria</a> che possiedono, tutti gli <a href="/wit/Animalia" title="Animalia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Animalia" wx:page_id="298" id="wx88">animali</a> <a href="/wit/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Eumetazoa" wx:page_id="303138" id="wx89">eumetazoi</a> vengono suddivisi in due rami: <a href="/wit/Radiata" title="Radiata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Radiata" wx:page_id="314057" id="wx90">radiata</a> e <b id="wx91">bilateria</b>.</p>

<p id="wx92">Questa distinzione rispecchia una scissione parzialmente in accordo con la <a href="/wit/Filogenesi" title="Filogenesi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Filogenesi" wx:page_id="49000" id="wx93">filogenesi</a> degli <a href="/wit/Eumetazoi" title="Eumetazoi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Eumetazoi" wx:page_id="303218" id="wx94">eumetazoi</a>. Se da un lato i bilateri sono certamente <a href="/wit/Monofiletici" title="Monofiletici" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Monofiletici" wx:page_id="1172144" id="wx95">monofiletici</a>, i radiati appaiono come un gruppo <a href="/wit/Parafiletico" title="Parafiletico" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Parafiletico" wx:page_id="258927" id="wx96">parafiletico</a>, in quanto gli ctenofori derivano da un antenato comune ai bilateri, ma non ancora provvisto di un singolo piano di simmetria. Secondo un'altra ipotesi meno seguita (Zrzavý e Hypša, 2003) <a href="/wit/Cnidari" title="Cnidari" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cnidari" wx:page_id="119925" id="wx97">cnidari</a>, <a href="/wit/Ctenofori" title="Ctenofori" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ctenofori" wx:page_id="71414" id="wx98">ctenofori</a> e <a href="/wit/Placozoi" title="Placozoi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Placozoi" wx:page_id="300941" id="wx99">placozoi</a> avrebbero una stretta relazione evolutiva.</p>

<div id="wx_toc"/>

<a id="Ramo_Bilateria" name="Ramo_Bilateria"/>
<wx:section level="2" title="Ramo Bilateria" id="wxsec2"><h2 id="wx100">Ramo Bilateria</h2>

<p id="wx101">La <b id="wx102">simmetria bilaterale</b> è una fondamentale conquista evolutiva che compare nella linea dei <a href="/wit/Platelminti" title="Platelminti" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Platelminti" wx:page_id="71417" id="wx103">platelminti</a> ancestrali (che andrebbero separati in un <a href="/wit/Phylum" title="Phylum" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Phylum" wx:page_id="3412" id="wx104">phylum</a> a sé stante: gli <a href="/wit/Aceli" title="Aceli" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Aceli" wx:page_id="303394" id="wx105">aceli</a>) e sarà propria di tutti gli animali maggiormente evoluti. Nei radiati non hanno significato concetti come "anteriore e posteriore", potendo svilupparsi e muoversi in tutte le direzioni. Ma nei bilateri il graduale processo di allungamento del corpo evidenzia lati ed estremità dapprima indefinite, potenziando l'adattamento alla <a href="/wit/Locomozione" class="new" title="Locomozione" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Locomozione" id="wx106">locomozione</a> di organismi scarsamente mobili, come le <a href="/wit/Spugne" title="Spugne" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Spugne" wx:page_id="79547" id="wx107">spugne</a> o le meduse.</p>

<p id="wx108">I primi animali a simmetria bilaterale dipendevano da una parte anteriore ed erano costretti a procedere lungo un'unica direzione. Conseguentemente, una estremità veniva ad incontrare per prima il nuovo ambiente durante la locomozione attiva. Ciò indusse un processo di <a href="/wit/Cefalizzazione" class="new" title="Cefalizzazione" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Cefalizzazione" id="wx109">cefalizzazione</a> degli organi sensoriali, con graduale definizione di un <b id="wx110">capo</b> anteriore, in cui si concentrano i <a href="/wit/Sistema_nervoso" title="Sistema nervoso" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Sistema_nervoso" wx:page_id="1783948" id="wx111">centri nervosi</a> per elaborare velocemente i dati sensoriali e gli <a href="/wit/Sistema_sensoriale" class="new" title="Sistema sensoriale" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Sistema_sensoriale" id="wx112">organi di senso</a> (cervello abbozzato collegato a nervi longitudinali), nonché le strutture deputate per l'alimentazione.</p>

<p id="wx113">Si evidenzia una testa, una estremità posteriore, due parti laterali equivalenti e tutto l'organismo può così essere diviso da un solo piano longitudinale, il <b id="wx114">piano sagittale</b>. Nei bilateri dunque si riconosco e si distinguono, <a href="/wit/Anatomia" title="Anatomia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Anatomia" wx:page_id="463" id="wx115">anatomicamente</a> e funzionalmente:</p>

<ul id="wx116">
<li id="wx117">
<p id="wx118">l' estremità <i id="wx119">cefalica</i> da quella <i id="wx120">caudale</i></p>
</li>

<li id="wx121">
<p id="wx122">il lato <i id="wx123">dorsale</i> da quello <i id="wx124">ventrale</i></p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="Classificazione_Bilateri" name="Classificazione_Bilateri"/>
<wx:section level="3" title="Classificazione Bilateri" id="wxsec3"><h3 id="wx125">Classificazione Bilateri</h3>

<div class="wx_image" wx:thumb="thumb" id="wx126"><a href="/wit/Immagine:Bedford-s_flatworm.jpg" title="Un platelminte turbellario" wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Immagine:Bedford-s_flatworm.jpg" id="wx127"><img src="/wit/Immagine:Bedford-s_flatworm.jpg" alt="Un platelminte turbellario" width="130" id="wx128"/></a> 

<div class="thumbcaption" id="wx129">
<p id="wx130">Un platelminte turbellario</p>
</div>
</div>

<a id="Protostomi" name="Protostomi"/>
<wx:section level="4" title="Protostomi" id="wxsec4"><h4 id="wx131"><a href="/wit/Protostomi" title="Protostomi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Protostomi" wx:page_id="3450" id="wx132">Protostomi</a></h4>

<a id="Acelomati" name="Acelomati"/>
<wx:section level="5" title="Acelomati" id="wxsec7"><h5 id="wx133"><a href="/wit/Acelomati" title="Acelomati" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Acelomati" wx:page_id="25656" id="wx134">Acelomati</a></h5>

<ul id="wx135">
<li id="wx136"><i id="wx137"><b id="wx138">Phylum <a href="/wit/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Platyhelminthes" wx:page_id="3407" id="wx139">Platyhelminthes</a></b></i>
<p id="wx140">(Platelminti o Vermi piatti):</p>

<ul id="wx141">
<li id="wx142"><i id="wx143"><a href="/wit/Turbellaria" title="Turbellaria" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Turbellaria" wx:page_id="281869" id="wx144">Turbellaria</a></i>
<p id="wx145">(Turbellari)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx146"><i id="wx147"><a href="/wit/Monogenea" title="Monogenea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Monogenea" wx:page_id="64978" id="wx148">Monogenea</a></i>
<p id="wx149">(Monogenei)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx150"><i id="wx151"><a href="/wit/Trematoda" title="Trematoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Trematoda" wx:page_id="318461" id="wx152">Trematoda</a></i>
<p id="wx153">(Trematodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx154"><i id="wx155"><a href="/wit/Cestoda" title="Cestoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cestoda" wx:page_id="319925" id="wx156">Cestoda</a></i>
<p id="wx157">(Cestodi o Cestoidei)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx158"><i id="wx159"><b id="wx160">Phylum <a href="/wit/Gnathostomulida" title="Gnathostomulida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Gnathostomulida" wx:page_id="25702" id="wx161">Gnathostomulida</a></b></i>
<p id="wx162">(Gnatostomulidi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx163"><i id="wx164"><b id="wx165">Phylum <a href="/wit/Nemertea" title="Nemertea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Nemertea" wx:page_id="25644" id="wx166">Nemertea</a></b></i>
<p id="wx167">o <i id="wx168"><b id="wx169"><a href="/wit/Rhynchocoela" title="Rhynchocoela" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Rhynchocoela" wx:page_id="78066" id="wx170">Rhynchocoela</a></b></i> (Nemertini o Nemertei o Rincoceli)</p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="Pseudocelomati_o_Aschelminti" name="Pseudocelomati_o_Aschelminti"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="5" title="Pseudocelomati o Aschelminti" id="wxsec8"><h5 id="wx171"><a href="/wit/Pseudoceloma" title="Pseudoceloma" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Pseudoceloma" wx:page_id="3439" id="wx172">Pseudocelomati o Aschelminti</a></h5>

<ul id="wx173">
<li id="wx174"><i id="wx175"><b id="wx176">Phylum <a href="/wit/Rotifera" title="Rotifera" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Rotifera" wx:page_id="3712" id="wx177">Rotifera</a></b></i>
<p id="wx178">(Rotiferi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx179"><i id="wx180"><b id="wx181">Phylum <a href="/wit/Gastrotricha" title="Gastrotricha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Gastrotricha" wx:page_id="60176" id="wx182">Gastrotricha</a></b></i>
<p id="wx183">(Gastrotrichi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx184"><i id="wx185"><b id="wx186">Phylum <a href="/wit/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Entoprocta" wx:page_id="33959" id="wx187">Entoprocta</a></b></i>
<p id="wx188">o <b id="wx189"><a href="/wit/Kamptozoa" title="Kamptozoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Kamptozoa" wx:page_id="78068" id="wx190">Kamptozoa</a></b> (Endoprocti o Endoprotti o Camptozoi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx191"><i id="wx192"><b id="wx193">Phylum <a href="/wit/Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Kinorhyncha" wx:page_id="51995" id="wx194">Kinorhyncha</a></b></i>
<p id="wx195">(Chinorinchi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx196"><i id="wx197"><b id="wx198">Phylum <a href="/wit/Priapulida" title="Priapulida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Priapulida" wx:page_id="49975" id="wx199">Priapulida</a></b></i>
<p id="wx200">(Priapulidi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx201"><i id="wx202"><b id="wx203">Phylum <a href="/wit/Nematoda" title="Nematoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Nematoda" wx:page_id="28814" id="wx204">Nematoda</a></b></i>
<p id="wx205">(Nematodi o Vermi cilindrici)</p>

<ul id="wx206">
<li id="wx207"><i id="wx208"><a href="/wit/Secernentea" title="Secernentea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Secernentea" wx:page_id="29255" id="wx209">Secernentea</a></i>
<p id="wx210">o <i id="wx211"><a href="/wit/Phasmidia" title="Phasmidia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Phasmidia" wx:page_id="432250" id="wx212">Phasmidia</a></i> (Fasmidari)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx213"><i id="wx214"><a href="/wit/Adenophorea" title="Adenophorea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Adenophorea" wx:page_id="29288" id="wx215">Adenophorea</a></i>
<p id="wx216">o <i id="wx217"><a href="/wit/Aphasmidia" title="Aphasmidia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Aphasmidia" wx:page_id="432269" id="wx218">Aphasmidia</a></i> (Afasmidari)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx219"><i id="wx220"><b id="wx221">Phylum <a href="/wit/Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Nematomorpha" wx:page_id="30259" id="wx222">Nematomorpha</a></b></i>
<p id="wx223">(Nematomorfi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx224"><i id="wx225"><b id="wx226">Phylum <a href="/wit/Acanthocephala" title="Acanthocephala" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Acanthocephala" wx:page_id="53316" id="wx227">Acanthocephala</a></b></i>
<p id="wx228">(Acantocefali)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx229"><i id="wx230"><b id="wx231">Phylum <a href="/wit/Loricifera" title="Loricifera" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Loricifera" wx:page_id="29730" id="wx232">Loricifera</a></b></i>
<p id="wx233">(Loriciferi)</p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="Celomati_Schizocelici" name="Celomati_Schizocelici"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="5" title="Celomati Schizocelici" id="wxsec9"><h5 id="wx234"><a href="/wit/Celoma" title="Celoma" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Celoma" wx:page_id="1332" id="wx235">Celomati Schizocelici</a></h5>

<ul id="wx236">
<li id="wx237"><i id="wx238"><b id="wx239">Phylum <a href="/wit/Mollusca" title="Mollusca" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Mollusca" wx:page_id="2730" id="wx240">Mollusca</a></b></i>
<p id="wx241">(Molluschi)</p>

<ul id="wx242">
<li id="wx243"><i id="wx244"><a href="/wit/Poliplacophora" title="Poliplacophora" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Poliplacophora" wx:page_id="107588" id="wx245">Poliplacophora</a></i>
<p id="wx246">(Poliplacofori)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx247"><i id="wx248"><a href="/wit/Caudofoveata" title="Caudofoveata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Caudofoveata" wx:page_id="320556" id="wx249">Caudofoveata</a></i>
<p id="wx250">(Caudofoveati)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx251"><i id="wx252"><a href="/wit/Solenogastres" title="Solenogastres" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Solenogastres" wx:page_id="25591" id="wx253">Solenogastres</a></i>
<p id="wx254">(Solenogastri)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx255"><i id="wx256"><a href="/wit/Monoplacophora" title="Monoplacophora" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Monoplacophora" wx:page_id="2769" id="wx257">Monoplacophora</a></i>
<p id="wx258">(Monoplacofori)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx259"><i id="wx260"><a href="/wit/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Gastropoda" wx:page_id="2118" id="wx261">Gastropoda</a></i>
<p id="wx262">(Gasteropodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx263"><i id="wx264"><a href="/wit/Bivalvia" title="Bivalvia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Bivalvia" wx:page_id="706" id="wx265">Bivalvia</a></i>
<p id="wx266">(Bivalvi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx267"><i id="wx268"><a href="/wit/Scaphopoda" title="Scaphopoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Scaphopoda" wx:page_id="3914" id="wx269">Scaphopoda</a></i>
<p id="wx270">(Scafopodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx271"><i id="wx272"><a href="/wit/Cephalopoda" title="Cephalopoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cephalopoda" wx:page_id="1297" id="wx273">Cephalopoda</a></i>
<p id="wx274">(Cefalopodi)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx275"><i id="wx276"><b id="wx277">Phylum <a href="/wit/Annelida" title="Annelida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Annelida" wx:page_id="392" id="wx278">Annelida</a></b></i>
<p id="wx279">(Anellidi o Vermi Metamerici)</p>

<ul id="wx280">
<li id="wx281"><i id="wx282"><a href="/wit/Polychaeta" title="Polychaeta" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Polychaeta" wx:page_id="3411" id="wx283">Polychaeta</a></i>
<p id="wx284">(Policheti)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx285"><i id="wx286"><a href="/wit/Clitellata" title="Clitellata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Clitellata" wx:page_id="321375" id="wx287">Clitellata</a></i>
<p id="wx288">(Clitellati)</p>

<ul id="wx289">
<li id="wx290"><i id="wx291"><a href="/wit/Oligochaeta" title="Oligochaeta" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Oligochaeta" wx:page_id="3136" id="wx292">Oligochaeta</a></i>
<p id="wx293">(Oligocheti)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx294"><i id="wx295"><a href="/wit/Hirudinea" title="Hirudinea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Hirudinea" wx:page_id="95511" id="wx296">Hirudinea</a></i>
<p id="wx297">(Irudinei)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx298"><i id="wx299"><a href="/wit/Branchiobdellida" title="Branchiobdellida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Branchiobdellida" wx:page_id="1042410" id="wx300">Branchiobdellida</a></i>
<p id="wx301">(Branchiobdellidi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx302"><i id="wx303"><a href="/wit/Acanthobdellida" class="new" title="Acanthobdellida" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Acanthobdellida" id="wx304">Acanthobdellida</a></i></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx305"><i id="wx306"><b id="wx307">Phylum <a href="/wit/Sipuncula" title="Sipuncula" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Sipuncula" wx:page_id="303500" id="wx308">Sipuncula</a></b></i>
<p id="wx309">(Sipunculidi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx310"><i id="wx311"><b id="wx312">Phylum <a href="/wit/Pogonophora" class="new" title="Pogonophora" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Pogonophora" id="wx313">Pogonophora</a></b></i>
<p id="wx314">(Pogonofori)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx315"><i id="wx316"><b id="wx317">Phylum <a href="/wit/Echiura" class="new" title="Echiura" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Echiura" id="wx318">Echiura</a></b></i>
<p id="wx319">(Echiuridi o Echiuridei)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx320"><i id="wx321"><b id="wx322">Phylum <a href="/wit/Arthropoda" title="Arthropoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Arthropoda" wx:page_id="394" id="wx323">Arthropoda</a></b></i>
<p id="wx324">(Artropodi)</p>

<ul id="wx325">
<li id="wx326"><i id="wx327">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Trilobitomorpha" title="Trilobitomorpha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Trilobitomorpha" wx:page_id="1485904" id="wx328">Trilobitomorpha</a></i>
<p id="wx329">(Trilobiti) †</p>
</li>

<li id="wx330"><i id="wx331">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chelicerata" wx:page_id="489027" id="wx332">Chelicerata</a></i>
<p id="wx333">(Chelicerati)</p>

<ul id="wx334">
<li id="wx335"><i id="wx336"><a href="/wit/Merostomata" title="Merostomata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Merostomata" wx:page_id="741940" id="wx337">Merostomata</a></i>
<p id="wx338">(Merostomi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx339"><i id="wx340"><a href="/wit/Pycnogonida" title="Pycnogonida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Pycnogonida" wx:page_id="740953" id="wx341">Pycnogonida</a></i>
<p id="wx342">(Picnogonidi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx343"><i id="wx344"><a href="/wit/Arachnida" title="Arachnida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Arachnida" wx:page_id="395" id="wx345">Arachnida</a></i>
<p id="wx346">(Aracnidi)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx347"><i id="wx348">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Myriapoda" title="Myriapoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Myriapoda" wx:page_id="488057" id="wx349">Myriapoda</a></i>
<p id="wx350">(Miriapodi)</p>

<ul id="wx351">
<li id="wx352"><i id="wx353"><a href="/wit/Diplopoda" title="Diplopoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Diplopoda" wx:page_id="1478852" id="wx354">Diplopoda</a></i>
<p id="wx355">(Diplopodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx356"><i id="wx357"><a href="/wit/Chilopoda" title="Chilopoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chilopoda" wx:page_id="1478669" id="wx358">Chilopoda</a></i>
<p id="wx359">(Chilopodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx360"><i id="wx361"><a href="/wit/Symphyla" title="Symphyla" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Symphyla" wx:page_id="1143249" id="wx362">Symphyla</a></i>
<p id="wx363">(Sinfili)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx364"><i id="wx365"><a href="/wit/Pauropoda" title="Pauropoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Pauropoda" wx:page_id="1511385" id="wx366">Pauropoda</a></i>
<p id="wx367">(Pauropodi)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx368"><i id="wx369">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Hexapoda" title="Hexapoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Hexapoda" wx:page_id="468749" id="wx370">Hexapoda</a></i>
<p id="wx371">(Esapodi)</p>

<ul id="wx372">
<li id="wx373"><i id="wx374"><a href="/wit/Entognatha" title="Entognatha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Entognatha" wx:page_id="448287" id="wx375">Enthognatha</a> (Entognati)</i> 

<ul id="wx376">
<li id="wx377"><i id="wx378"><a href="/wit/Collembola" title="Collembola" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Collembola" wx:page_id="459389" id="wx379">Collembola</a></i>
<p id="wx380">(Collemboli)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx381"><i id="wx382"><a href="/wit/Protura" title="Protura" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Protura" wx:page_id="459254" id="wx383">Protura</a></i>
<p id="wx384">(Proturi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx385"><i id="wx386"><a href="/wit/Diplura" title="Diplura" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Diplura" wx:page_id="462828" id="wx387">Diplura</a></i>
<p id="wx388">(Dipluri)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx389"><i id="wx390"><a href="/wit/Insecta" title="Insecta" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Insecta" wx:page_id="1504432" id="wx391">Insecta</a></i>
<p id="wx392">(Insetti)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx393"><i id="wx394">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Crustacea" title="Crustacea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Crustacea" wx:page_id="1300" id="wx395">Crustacea</a></i>
<p id="wx396">(Crostacei)</p>

<ul id="wx397">
<li id="wx398"><i id="wx399"><a href="/wit/Branchiopoda" title="Branchiopoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Branchiopoda" wx:page_id="1226900" id="wx400">Branchiopoda</a></i>
<p id="wx401">(Branchiopodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx402"><i id="wx403"><a href="/wit/Remipedia" title="Remipedia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Remipedia" wx:page_id="1226970" id="wx404">Remipedia</a></i>
<p id="wx405">(Remipedi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx406"><i id="wx407"><a href="/wit/Cephalocarida" title="Cephalocarida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cephalocarida" wx:page_id="1510098" id="wx408">Cephalocarida</a></i>
<p id="wx409">(Cefalocaridi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx410"><i id="wx411"><a href="/wit/Maxillopoda" title="Maxillopoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Maxillopoda" wx:page_id="1227482" id="wx412">Maxillopoda</a></i>
<p id="wx413">(Maxillopodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx414"><i id="wx415"><a href="/wit/Ostracoda" title="Ostracoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ostracoda" wx:page_id="573128" id="wx416">Ostracoda</a></i>
<p id="wx417">(Ostracodi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx418"><i id="wx419"><a href="/wit/Malacostraca" title="Malacostraca" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Malacostraca" wx:page_id="516867" id="wx420">Malacostraca</a></i>
<p id="wx421">(Malacostraci)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx422"><i id="wx423"><b id="wx424">Phylum <a href="/wit/Pentastomida" class="new" title="Pentastomida" wx:linktype="unknown" wx:pagename="Pentastomida" id="wx425">Pentastomida</a></b></i>
<p id="wx426">(Pentastomidi o Linguatulidi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx427"><i id="wx428"><b id="wx429">Phylum <a href="/wit/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Tardigrada" wx:page_id="1432892" id="wx430">Tardigrada</a></b></i>
<p id="wx431">(Tardigradi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx432"><i id="wx433"><b id="wx434">Phylum <a href="/wit/Onychophora" title="Onychophora" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Onychophora" wx:page_id="1447707" id="wx435">Onychophora</a></b></i>
<p id="wx436">(Onicofori)</p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="Lofoforati" name="Lofoforati"/>
</wx:section></wx:section><wx:section level="4" title="Lofoforati" id="wxsec5"><h4 id="wx437"><a href="/wit/Lofoforati" title="Lofoforati" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Lofoforati" wx:page_id="1793628" id="wx438">Lofoforati</a></h4>

<ul id="wx439">
<li id="wx440"><i id="wx441"><b id="wx442">Phylum <a href="/wit/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Bryozoa" wx:page_id="923876" id="wx443">Bryozoa</a> o <a href="/wit/Ectoprocta" title="Ectoprocta" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ectoprocta" wx:page_id="923919" id="wx444">Ectoprocta</a></b></i>
<p id="wx445">(Briozoi o Ectoprocti)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx446"><i id="wx447"><b id="wx448">Phylum <a href="/wit/Phoronida" title="Phoronida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Phoronida" wx:page_id="303470" id="wx449">Phoronida</a></b></i>
<p id="wx450">(Foronidei)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx451"><i id="wx452"><b id="wx453">Phylum <a href="/wit/Brachiopoda" title="Brachiopoda" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Brachiopoda" wx:page_id="220147" id="wx454">Brachiopoda</a></b></i>
<p id="wx455">(Brachiopodi)</p>
</li>
</ul>

<a id="Deuterostomi_.28Celomati_enterocelici.29" name="Deuterostomi_.28Celomati_enterocelici.29"/>
</wx:section><wx:section level="4" title="Deuterostomi (Celomati enterocelici)" id="wxsec6"><h4 id="wx456"><a href="/wit/Deuterostomi" title="Deuterostomi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Deuterostomi" wx:page_id="1599" id="wx457">Deuterostomi</a> (<a href="/wit/Celoma" title="Celoma" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Celoma" wx:page_id="1332" id="wx458">Celomati enterocelici</a>)</h4>

<ul id="wx459">
<li id="wx460"><i id="wx461"><b id="wx462">Phylum <a href="/wit/Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chaetognatha" wx:page_id="1485166" id="wx463">Chaetognatha</a></b></i>
<p id="wx464">(Chetognati o Sagittoidei)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx465"><i id="wx466"><b id="wx467">Phylum <a href="/wit/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Echinodermata" wx:page_id="1739" id="wx468">Echinodermata</a></b></i>
<p id="wx469">(Echinodermi)</p>

<ul id="wx470">
<li id="wx471"><i id="wx472"><a href="/wit/Asteroidea" title="Asteroidea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Asteroidea" wx:page_id="535986" id="wx473">Asteroidea</a></i>
<p id="wx474">(Asteroidei o Stelle di mare)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx475"><i id="wx476"><a href="/wit/Ophiuroidea" title="Ophiuroidea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ophiuroidea" wx:page_id="827782" id="wx477">Ophiuroidea</a></i>
<p id="wx478">(Ofiuroidei od Ofiure o Stelle serpentine)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx479"><i id="wx480"><a href="/wit/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Echinoidea" wx:page_id="279689" id="wx481">Echinoidea</a></i>
<p id="wx482">(Echinoidei o Ricci di mare)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx483"><i id="wx484"><a href="/wit/Holothuroidea" title="Holothuroidea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Holothuroidea" wx:page_id="1740672" id="wx485">Holothuroidea</a></i>
<p id="wx486">(Oloturoidei od Oloturie o Cetrioli di mare)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx487"><i id="wx488"><a href="/wit/Crinoidea" title="Crinoidea" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Crinoidea" wx:page_id="437678" id="wx489">Crinoidea</a></i>
<p id="wx490">(Crinoidei o Crinoidi o Gigli di mare)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx491"><i id="wx492"><b id="wx493">Phylum <a href="/wit/Hemichordata" title="Hemichordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Hemichordata" wx:page_id="864317" id="wx494">Hemichordata</a></b></i>
<p id="wx495">(Emicordati)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx496"><i id="wx497"><b id="wx498">Phylum <a href="/wit/Chordata" title="Chordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chordata" wx:page_id="708717" id="wx499">Chordata</a></b></i>
<p id="wx500">(Cordati)</p>

<ul id="wx501">
<li id="wx502"><i id="wx503">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Urochordata" title="Urochordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Urochordata" wx:page_id="1651038" id="wx504">Urochordata</a></i>
<p id="wx505">(Urocordati o Tunicati)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx506"><i id="wx507">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Cephalochordata" title="Cephalochordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cephalochordata" wx:page_id="302483" id="wx508">Cephalochordata</a></i>
<p id="wx509">(Cefalocordati)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx510"><i id="wx511">Subphylum <a href="/wit/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Vertebrata" wx:page_id="4422" id="wx512">Vertebrata</a></i>
<p id="wx513">(Vertebrati)</p>

<ul id="wx514">
<li id="wx515"><i id="wx516">Infraphylum <a href="/wit/Agnatha" title="Agnatha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Agnatha" wx:page_id="85065" id="wx517">Agnatha</a></i>
<p id="wx518">(Agnati o Pesci senza mascelle)</p>

<ul id="wx519">
<li id="wx520"><i id="wx521"><a href="/wit/Cephalaspida" title="Cephalaspida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Cephalaspida" wx:page_id="1826414" id="wx522">Cephalaspida</a></i>
<p id="wx523">(Cefalaspidi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx524"><i id="wx525"><a href="/wit/Heterostraci" title="Heterostraci" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Heterostraci" wx:page_id="1188796" id="wx526">Heterostraci</a></i>
<p id="wx527">(Eterostraci)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx528"><i id="wx529"><a href="/wit/Anaspida" title="Anaspida" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Anaspida" wx:page_id="1184921" id="wx530">Anaspida</a></i>
<p id="wx531">(Anaspidi) †</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li id="wx532"><i id="wx533">Infraphylum <a href="/wit/Gnathostomata" title="Gnathostomata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Gnathostomata" wx:page_id="256980" id="wx534">Gnathostomata</a></i>
<p id="wx535">(Gnatostomi)</p>

<ul id="wx536">
<li id="wx537"><i id="wx538"><a href="/wit/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chondrichthyes" wx:page_id="407632" id="wx539">Chondrichthyes</a></i>
<p id="wx540">(Condroitti o Pesci cartilaginei)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx541"><i id="wx542"><a href="/wit/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Osteichthyes" wx:page_id="832349" id="wx543">Osteichthyes</a></i>
<p id="wx544">(Osteitti o Pesci ossei)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx545"><i id="wx546"><a href="/wit/Amphibia" title="Amphibia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Amphibia" wx:page_id="832341" id="wx547">Amphibia</a></i>
<p id="wx548">(Anfibi)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx549"><i id="wx550"><a href="/wit/Reptilia" title="Reptilia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Reptilia" wx:page_id="832337" id="wx551">Reptilia</a></i>
<p id="wx552">(Rettili)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx553"><i id="wx554"><a href="/wit/Aves" title="Aves" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Aves" wx:page_id="832330" id="wx555">Aves</a></i>
<p id="wx556">(Uccelli)</p>
</li>

<li id="wx557"><i id="wx558"><a href="/wit/Mammalia" title="Mammalia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Mammalia" wx:page_id="2826" id="wx559">Mammalia</a></i>
<p id="wx560">(Mammiferi)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</wx:section></wx:section></wx:section></wx:section></div>
<div id="wx_categorylinks">
<a href="/wit/index.php?title=Speciale:Categories&amp;article=Bilateria" title="Speciale:Categories" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Speciale:Categories" id="wx561">Categoria</a>: <span dir="ltr" id="wx562"><a href="/wit/Categoria:Animali" title="Categoria:Animali" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Categoria:Animali" wx:page_id="39386" id="wx563">Animali</a></span></div>
<div id="wx_languagelinks">
</div>
</body>
<wx:templatearguments for="wx_t1"><wx:argument name="colore">
<p id="wx564">pink</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="nome">
<p id="wx565">Ramo</p>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="immagine">
<a href="/wit/Immagine:Woda-3_ubt.jpeg" title="" wx:linktype="image" wx:pagename="Immagine:Woda-3_ubt.jpeg" id="wx566"><img src="/wit/Immagine:Woda-3_ubt.jpeg" alt="" width="200" id="wx567"/></a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="didascalia"/><wx:argument name="dominio">
<a href="/wit/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Eukaryota" wx:page_id="1729" id="wx568">Eukaryota</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="regno">
<a href="/wit/Animalia" title="Animalia" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Animalia" wx:page_id="298" id="wx569">Animalia</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="sottoregno">
<a href="/wit/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Eumetazoa" wx:page_id="303138" id="wx570">Eumetazoa</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="ramo">
<b id="wx571">Bilateria</b>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="suddivisione">
<a href="/wit/Superphylum" title="Superphylum" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Superphylum" wx:page_id="499795" id="wx572">superphylum</a>
</wx:argument><wx:argument name="suddivisione_testo">
<p id="wx573">* <b id="wx574"><a href="/wit/Protostomi" title="Protostomi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Protostomi" wx:page_id="3450" id="wx575">Protostomi</a></b>: **<a href="/wit/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Ecdysozoa" wx:page_id="1740581" id="wx576">Ecdysozoa</a> **<a href="/wit/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Lophotrochozoa" wx:page_id="1740552" id="wx577">Lophotrochozoa</a> **<a href="/wit/Platyzoa" title="Platyzoa" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Platyzoa" wx:page_id="1740526" id="wx578">Platyzoa</a> * <b id="wx579"><a href="/wit/Deuterostomi" title="Deuterostomi" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Deuterostomi" wx:page_id="1599" id="wx580">Deuterostomi</a></b>: **<a href="/wit/Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chaetognatha" wx:page_id="1485166" id="wx581">Chaetognatha</a> **<a href="/wit/Chordata" title="Chordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Chordata" wx:page_id="708717" id="wx582">Chordata</a> **<a href="/wit/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Echinodermata" wx:page_id="1739" id="wx583">Echinodermata</a> **<a href="/wit/Hemichordata" title="Hemichordata" wx:linktype="known" wx:pagename="Hemichordata" wx:page_id="864317" id="wx584">Hemichordata</a></p>
</wx:argument></wx:templatearguments>
</html>
